The History of Literacy instruction in Spanish and in English Essay

The History of Literacy guidance in Spanish and in English - Essay Example In any event one researcher, who is recorded in the article, started to take on conventional ideas that had existed up until that time. In 1999, Goodman’s exemplary What’s Whole in Whole Language was composed on the subject and, once converted into Spanish and Venezuela, came broadly conveyed among the locale. The book was famous to such an extent that it was converted into English six years after the fact. During the 1980s distributions about proficiency in Spanish started to mirror a comprehension of the psycholinguistic view. As right on time as 1984, Dubois started addressing customary, word-based methodologies of showing perusing for taking a psycholinguistic view. In 1989, Goodman’s great What’s Whole in Whole Language was converted into Spanish in Venezuela and broadly circulated all through Latin America. The interest for the book was incredible to such an extent that it produced a more up to date interpretation into Spanish just six years after the fact. At the point when one researcher associated with the creator moved to Mexico, the materials in the nearby schools were changed gratitude to thoughts and those of other constructivist instructors. Indeed, the main evaluation preliminary of the arrangement lets one know in the article that, â€Å"showed the radical contrast this content spoke to from the previous government-moved toward text, Mi Libro Magido (My Magic Book), with its training sheets that necessary understudies to rehash prospectus and practice handwriting. In the 1990’s the administration began to take better control in controlling instructive strategies. As indicated by the contextual investigation the act of phonics is bound to be useful when understudies are trained the various hints of words and afterward are educated be mix them together. Other, progressively conventional methodologies take longer and many individuals are against change, however managers, researchers, and instructors truly accept they have something here having the option to show something very similar simpler and in a shorter timeframe. This is the characteristic of phonics

Consumer Behavior - Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shopper Behavior - Marketing - Assignment Example They were picked as my subjects since they purchased a high-contribution item which is a PC . It is viewed as a high-contribution item since it is very costly and would be utilized for a significant stretch. Toward the start, it was very difficult to search for these two subjects since numerous individuals purchase various kinds of high-association items. Luckily, a few companions helped me out in discovering two subjects who purchased various brands of PC a few months back. The profile of the subjects shift extraordinarily, all things considered, they are regular shoppers since they experience a ton of agonizing dynamic before purchasing an item. Additionally, they required exhortation from companions or associate before settling on their very own choice. Buyer A will be a technogeek, somebody whose fundamental wellspring of living is creating working frameworks in an IT organization. He is a bustling individual carrying on with a prominent life in the city. In any case, he is the d ad of a companion that is the reason he consented to be my subject. The other subject is an understudy in a college, a sociology major intensely associated with inquire about. I figure their experience would by one way or another be huge in their choice procedure in securing a PC. So as to a have a sensible introduction of the procedure they experienced, I chose to classify the outcome in a table. Technogeek’s old PC separated and required numerous moves up to adapt up to is requests being a relentless software engineer. His requirement for a PC resembles his requirement for oxygen. He quickly purchased a PC three days after his old PC separated. His need is for the most part activated by his activity. This shopper felt that there were an excessive number of requests from her examination subjects. In spite of the fact that she has a work area in her quarters, she needs a PC to get to the wi-fi condition on her grounds. She additionally hangs out late night at some coffeehouse keeping in touch with her papers. Her need is activated by portability and access to data whenever she needs

Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Security - Essay Example It is likewise intelligent of how law, wrongdoing and profound quality are seen by individuals from the general public. The security practices of expelling disguises from the walkways to shield individuals who ventured to every part of the roadways from being assaulted by burglars couldn't work alone. Different endeavors to manage wrongdoing at the nearby level demonstrated worthless thus night watches and watches which were built up secretly was the methods for assurance for residents. Fischer et al (2008) demonstrate that under the medieval framework the general public was constrained by lords and primitive nobles thus an elevated level of security was accessible for the two people and gatherings. Be that as it may, legal changes prompted the detachment of courts and the activity of the standard of law from the intensity of the ruler. Each region was then made responsible for wrongdoings submitted inside its limits and all outsiders were required to answer to the officers on entering a region. Endeavors to control wrongdoing and different indecencies were not effective and this additionally prompted the foundation of private night watches and watches. Steenkamp (2002) shows that Armed thefts of shippers and different gatherings, for example, ministers and nobles who regularly conveyed cash and different assets got typical during the period. The wellbeing of the individuals who were influenced must be ensured by employing private security. Six and Kowalski (n.d.) characterizes hazard as the chance of the event of an unsafe or bothersome occasion. This comprises of occasions including damage, injury or maltreatment to people or gatherings of individuals. Hazard the board is a technique planned for securing people or a gathering of individuals. Amanda D’Costa (2011) presented six stages in a hazard the executives program. They are: As an initial step dangers should be recognized before they can be managed. When they are recognized they ought to be enlisted with the goal that all gatherings concerned will have a thought of the hazard factors. In

Theory of knowledge Free Essays

What are the strategies for the antiquarians and how would they contrast and different philosophies: Above all else, we need to recognize what is the meaning of history: It is a part of information managing past occasions, political, social, monetary, of a nation, mainland, or the world. It is a precise portrayal of past occasions. It is additionally a train of occasions associated with someone or something. We will compose a custom article test on Hypothesis of information or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Also I will characterize what is a technique. It is 1) a framework, deliberateness, 2) it is a method of accomplishing something 3) getting things done with 4) it is a science or investigation of something. The contrasts between the realities of the past and verifiable realities: We as a whole know, or think we know, what a reality is: a dependable snippet of data, something we know to be, in the good judgment importance of the word â€Å"true†. We likewise know, or think we know, what a verifiable reality is. Give models. These are realities, positive bits of chronicled information, close maybe to the characteristic logical information the nineteenth century history specialists needed to use as their model of information. Yet, these realities are just the beginning of history, just the establishment on which history is constructed. History isn't the realities of the past alone yet the preparing of these realities into a cognizant, significant translation of the past with which these realities are concerned. â€Å"History is the understanding of these realities, the handling of them into a story with causes and effects.† These realities, these snippets of data about the past are imperative to students of history. Antiquarians must be sure of their precision, must believe in their trustworthiness before they can certainly decipher them for their peers. History specialists gather their realities from at whatever point they can. Certain authentic realities, for the most part those acquired from chronicles, might be gathered straightforwardly by history specialists themselves. History specialists can visit open records workplaces or holy places and inspect authentic archives legitimately. Epigraphy is an intriguing case of such an order. It is the investigation of old engravings: letters and words and images, etched, shaped or embellished on stones. E.g.: the Rosetta stone: it is a recorded stone found close Rosetta in northern Egypt in 1799. History is a determination: Students of history impact the world forever by choosing realities and handling them and the preparing makes history. History has been portrayed as a colossal dance saw with loads of bits missing. Students of history attempt to make the missing pieces. They can just do this by choosing from all the data accessible to them. What proof we have for this comes, obviously, from the individuals in the medieval times who expounded on their own lives and times. What's more, the individuals who expounded on their own lives and times in the medieval times in Europe were priests and clerics. Inventive comprehension is a significant piece of a historian’s ability, yet creative comprehension differs from student of history to antiquarian. They need to innovatively comprehend the psyches of the more seasoned individuals. The main way they can do this is by utilizing their own points of view. Antiquarians perceive that to depict history is unthinkable. They can't generally make certain of the thought processes of the authors of the chronicle reports. â€Å"The past must be seen through the eyes of the present†. History specialist should introduce their records of the past. Ranke and his kindred nineteenth century students of history accepted that in addition to the fact that it was conceivable to introduce the past â€Å"How it truly was† yet they additionally accepted they were doing precisely that when they composed their history books. The historian’s work was to gather together a demonstrated collection of realities and present them to the perusers. Is history an exceptional subject matter? We have seen that regular sciences, arithmetic and rationale, and the sociologies have particular subject matters. Will a comparable case be made for history? Truly obviously it tends to be made!!!!. One method of addressing this inquiry is to take a gander at crafted by students of history. As we do this, we ought to ask ourselves the inquiry † What do history specialists do that researchers, mathematicians and social researchers don't do?†!!!!!. Four distinct stages exists: 1) Recording: Some researchers gather records and save proof from an earlier time. On the off chance that we adhere to our meaning of antiquarians as mediators of realities these researchers are not history specialists in our feeling of the word. They are documenters and guardians, authorities and preservers. E.G: Nothing is moved until photos are taken, estimations made and careful records ordered of everything that is there and precisely where it is. That is crafted by the verifiable scientists who record and save proof from an earlier time. Each article is recorded and, beyond what many would consider possible recognized. The recorded information these Historians have is the same as the information on characteristic science: it is observational and obviously objective. Give case of the titanic. 2) Assessment: These history specialists asses the proof they have, contrast it with other comparative confirmations that may be accessible and reached the resolution that Holden’s room are to be sure an interesting verifiable occasion. 3) Reconstructing the past: Having surveyed the proof and acknowledged its significance, students of history presently need to utilize it, to gather from it and to recreate the past. They use confirmations. Students of history likewise are keen on recreating past the self-evident. They endeavor to reproduce the estimations of a well off youth 100 years back. 4) Interpreting: Historians ask themselves inquiries. They may contrast the relics and different atifacts for instance†¦ Historians’ methods of knowing are unmistakable. They record, evaluate, reproduce and decipher such that others researchers don't. Students of history persistently rework the occasions of the past and reappraise them for each new age. Chronicled sources: Essential and auxiliary sources: The issue with the past is that it has passed. It has gone. The possibility ever past, and present, running equal is fascinating yet until we have the innovation to investigate different occasions as a general rule, we need to investigate the past through what the past has left us, through the huge number of ancient rarities making due from times past. Students of history use what they term PRIMARY SOURCES as their fundamental access to the past. Auxiliary sources are additionally accessible: these are wellsprings of data gave by different students of history. Essential sources are the bedrock of history. They incorporate each possible sort of reports: maps, bargains, places of worship and sanctuary records, magnificent file archives, letters, lawful records, journals, papers, inventories and even transport tickets. They can be formal or casual, private or open, genuine or trivial. Essential sources additionally incorporate antiquities. In contrast to science, say, history is frequently condemned for filling no need. We can't gain from history, it is contended, either on the grounds that accurately indistinguishable conditions from in the past can't emerge again in future, or in such a case that adequately comparable conditions arose, we would not have the option to act in an unexpected way. In the characteristic sciences we have the two proclamations of quick perceptions, revealing for example the result of a test, and general laws from which we can infer forecasts. These two sorts of proclamations are legitimized in very various manners: observational explanations by recognition. The proof, not really composed, which chronicled investigate depends on are the ‘sources’. Sources need not be things that return to the time in history which is being considered, yet can be writings composed from that point forward about that time: the previous are called essential, and the last auxiliary sources. There are two fundamental inquiries that must be posed in regards to essential sources. The first of these worries their realness, or validity. Assume that we have, for example, a composition of a specific chronicled occasion; at that point the painter may have added or overlooked certain subtleties to satisfy his client, or to make it a superior artistic creation, he might not have been there himself and have utilized inadequate records, the work of art could even be a later falsification, etc. The other inquiry concerns their fulfillment. We should remember that the material accessible to us has just been efficiently chosen, in an assortment of ways: we will in general find out about the privileged societies of the social orders we study, since it is to a great extent their doings that were recorded, while we find numerous vestiges in certain pieces of the world, little survives from the wooden structures that were progressively basic somewhere else, etc. On one side there are the individuals who hold that recorded clarification must resemble the logical clarification of an occasion: to comprehend a verifiable occasion, we should have a general, or ‘covering’ law, so that from this law and a portrayal of the chronicled circumstance we can derive that the occasion would occur. For even where history is fit for being objective, there are issues with the ‘evidence’ it depends on, as we have seen: the sources accessible may not be bona fide, and they will unquestionably be fragmented. Also, to the degree that history is (essentially) abstract, for example a matter of the situation from which it is composed, verifiable records or clarifications are at risk to the issue of predisposition, for example inclination, bias or even preference. The history specialist can't be objective about the period, which is his subject. In this he contrasts (to further his scholarly potential benefit) from its most normal ideologists, who accepted that the advancement of innovation, ‘positive science’ and society made it conceivable to see their present with the unanswerable unprejudiced nature of the regular researcher, whose techniques they trusted themselves (erroneously) to comprehend. For a great part of the time that history has been composed, crafted by the student of history was not t

The Debate over Fetal Tissue Research Essay -- Science Medicine Papers

The Debate over Fetal Tissue Research Practically we all would concur that it is the clinical fields reason to do everything it can to help soothe and forestall human affliction. This point isn't frequently discussed. Taking headache medicine, getting an influenza shot or an inoculation, or taking anti-infection agents to feel better are altogether regular in our reality. The utilization of fetal tissue can offer alleviation to numerous patients today, yet these individuals are not getting the full advantages of what this treatment can offer them. Numerous individuals are stressed morally over what will result from this field of research. Yet, fetal tissue explore is overwhelmingly helpful and ought to be proceeded and bolstered notwithstanding the contentions against it, as long as certain rules are set up to manage the moral perspectives. Properties of Fetal Cells Would could it be that makes fetal tissue so significant to inquire about? Because of specific properties of these youthful cells, they are ideal for various uses in medication and research. There are four fundamental properties that give fetal cells this potential for an effective transplantation. The main property is their capacity to develop and multiply after transplantation. By developing, all things considered, the transplanted cells will turn into a useful piece of the beneficiary's current tissue. Truth be told, specialists accept that sooner or later they will have the option to grow a full working kidney from a couple of fetal kidney cells. Alongside their capacity to develop and isolate quickly is the fetal cells' capacity to create trophic substances. These are the development factors which help the cells to multiply rapidly. They likewise advance the recovery of nearby harmed tissue of the beneficiary. (Council...Affairs 566) Another huge quality of these c... ...e have. What's more, even with all the contentions, fetal tissue transplantation has such huge numbers of advantages that it should be inquired about and used to help each one of the individuals who are enduring that it can. Catalog Begley, Sharon. Fixes From The Womb. Newsweek 22 Feb. 1993: 49-51. Chamber on Scientific Affairs and Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. Clinical Applications of Fetal Tissue Transplantation. JAMA 263 (1990): 565-570. Harris, Rod, Ellen Mayo, Jim Tankersly. An Introduction to Fetal Tissue Transplantation. On-Line. Web. Accessible: http://www.gene.com/AE/AE/AEPC/WWC/1992/fetaltissue_transplants.html. Kogan, Barry S. A Time to Be Born and A Time to Die, the Ethics of Choice. Aldine de Gruyter, New York. 1991. Roberston, John A. Rights, Symbolism, and Public Policy in Fetal Tissue Transplants. Allocations, Social Justice, and Health Policy. 663-673.

Organ Donation for Suffering Patients

Organ Donation for Suffering Patients Organ Donation Essay Nov 19, 2018 in Persuasive Essay Organ Transplantation It is sad indeed that thousands of patients suffering complications caused by failures of their body organs are dying across the world because there is lack of functional body organs to replace their failing ones. Statistics from the United Network for Organ Sharing Department reveals that about 50 people lose their lives every day for sheer lack of various body organs suitable for transplant. The department further goes on to sound an alarm that these figures could shoot tremendously in the next two years if the number of people offering to donate organs remains low. Whereas the lives of thousands of patients with various body organ failures are in the woods due to acute shortage of organs for transplant, it is appalling that many people still do not recognize the dire need to donate these vital body organs. The list of patients hoping to receive an organ transplant is growing day and night across the world because very few people are willing to authorize the removal of their body p arts at the time of their death.

Discuss Confucius Essay - 1650 Words

Discuss Confucius (Essay Sample) Content: NameCourseTutorDateConfuciusAlso known as Kong Qui, Confucius is one of the greatest personalities in the history of China. He grew up to become a politician and philosopher whose teachings later came to have a great impact on human life (Clements). His family lived in Lu Province in the northern part of China. Due to his wise teachings, he became very influential to the Chinese people. He drew his teachings from the way he lived and observed the society. Confucius led a very difficult life with a single parent in a society that was never welcoming. This inspired him to come up with philosophies that he thought could help improve the way people interacted within the society (McArthur). He was majorly concerned with leadership, education and humanity. Before his death, little emphasis was put on his teachings. However, after his death, most people came to appreciate his efforts and adopted his teachings that came into records. During his life, there were a number of lo yal people who believed in him and helped him achieve his mission even after his death. Among the works done by Confucius was The Four books and The Five Classics (Clements). It is worth to focus on the life of this great philosopher who has transformed the lives of many people today. Confucius Life Confucius was born in 550 B.C. to parents whose love life was very controversial. The society had rejected the marriage between his father and mother terming it as an illicit union. This is because; the father was an old man, at the age of sixties, who got married to a teenage girl, Confucius mother (McArthur). When he was three, he lost his father after which he had to struggle in poverty as his mother was not capable of making much money. They also faced hostility from the society which did not recognize the marriage of his parents. His father held a junior position in the military office. He had been married to two different wives who had not been able to give birth to a baby boy. Thi s had resulted to this relationship that the society objected. In this society, it was not right for an old man to get married to a teenage girl. It was therefore difficult to lead life in such a state and the mother opted to move out to a different location where they led a new life (McArthur).In his days, Confucius lived a life characterized by feudalism. The society was also characterized by bad morals. He yearned to see a society that was orderly with good morals. He experienced a leadership where the rich disregarded the poor. He was not pleased with this kind of leadership and all his efforts were directed towards educating the leaders on justice and equal treatment (McArthur). This made him to come up with philosophies he thought would transform the nation. Through his efforts, he had gained popularity and recognition in the society that made him secure a chance to serve in the cabinet. Though most people opposed him, the position had given him a better platform to educate pe ople about good morals. Unfortunately, he would no longer stand the opposition and he decided to resign from his position. Confucius later moved out of Lu to different places in the country in an attempt to persuade top leaders in the society to consider his sentiments. Despite the fact that most leaders recognized him; no one agreed to appoint him to hold any position. He had very few options left. Despite this, he was still passionate about transforming the society. He decided to dedicate his efforts towards writing and teaching people about his philosophies (McArthur). While he was alive, he had managed to get a number of loyal followers who were willing to assist him to spread his word. They supported him and after his death in 479 B.C., they still held his teachings. After his death, the followers gained much recognition and they were considered for major government positions. It is after their appointments that they were able to assert Confucius philosophies and teachings whi ch were received well by the society. His teachings were able to transform so many sectors including the health, education, families, ethics, conformation to standards, honor for ancestors as well as upholding traditional values (McArthur). These followers had played a major role in spreading the word and, later, Confucianism was adopted by many religions in China. Confucius Philosophies (Confucianism) Confucius philosophies were not based on religion. His philosophies were mainly to guide peoples conduct and ethics in the society (Clements). People in his society had always believed that anything occurring naturally has a soul. They recognized the existence of the gods which they highly regarded. The society understood that every individual was obliged to worship and obey the spirits. Confucius philosophies always disregarded the existence of the spirits insisting that people should not put emphasis on things that cannot be seen. Confucius was ever concerned on real life situations and never had interest in things that were unseen. He taught people to make their personal judgments using their common sense rather than seek the help of spirits and ancestors. He had influenced his followers and they too discouraged people from depending on spirits and ancestors rather than themselves (Clements). They reiterated that peoples problems would not be solved by ancestors. They also encouraged people to come together and share ideas so as to solve their problems. They believed that whenever people faced difficulties, critical thinking was the best way to find solutions. They regarded those who sorted help from spirits and ancestors as unwise. Confucius, however, believed that God exists. Although he never discussed much about God, he advised people not to go against his will (Clements). Nevertheless, his maintained his stand that people had the responsibility to attain good morals. God is not responsible for human behavior and therefore no one should seek his help. In his arguments, humans are free people and they are responsible for their actions. He considered change as a personal choice. In his view, human life is a gift and everybody was supposed to use it well. People ought to do good to others as they also expect good in return. He believed in a society where everyone was treated fairly and equally. The purpose of humankind is to have good morals and respect for others (Clements). When compared to the Christian life, there occur major differences in the views held by the two parties. While Confucius holds that human beings have the responsibility to attain good morals, Christians understand that it is God who gives morals. Drawing teachings from the bible, Christians understand that all things are only possible through God. Human beings must give their lives unto God to achieve anything. Christians put more emphasis on the life in heaven as opposed to Confucian who emphasizes on human life and behaviors on earth (Clements). The Moral Ethic s of Confucius In his teachings, Confucius puts more focus on three principles. These include the Jen, Li and Chun-Tzu principles (McArthur). The Li Principle means that people should have mutual respect and good behaviors. Confucius expected the society to regard all individuals without considering their social class. He desired to see a change in the society, having been a victim of discrimination and mistreatment. He believed that everyone would like to be fairly treated by others. The second principle Jen, is considered the most important aspect of Confucianism (McArthur). This principle is based on the fact that everyone should do good to others. People should embrace brotherhood and always be there for one another. Confucius believed that people who help others are the most successful. He urged people to care for others and help them when need arises (McArthur). The Chun - Tzu principle holds that a person should always act as a gentleman. Gentlemen always have good ethics and are respectful. He held that all people need to be kind, honest and fair to others. They should also know how to administer justice. He stood for a society which could uphold these principles (McArthur). Confucius Understanding of HumankindConfucius believed that it was good to be human. Excellency, to him, is for everyone. It would, however, take every individuals personal effort to achieve excellency (McArthur). Some of the major aspects humans need to consider to achieve excellency are education, self-discipline and dedication. He was disappointed that no one ever showed interest to achieve excellency. Christians have expressed different views as drawn from the bible. The... Discuss Confucius Essay - 1650 Words Discuss Confucius (Essay Sample) Content: NameCourseTutorDateConfuciusAlso known as Kong Qui, Confucius is one of the greatest personalities in the history of China. He grew up to become a politician and philosopher whose teachings later came to have a great impact on human life (Clements). His family lived in Lu Province in the northern part of China. Due to his wise teachings, he became very influential to the Chinese people. He drew his teachings from the way he lived and observed the society. Confucius led a very difficult life with a single parent in a society that was never welcoming. This inspired him to come up with philosophies that he thought could help improve the way people interacted within the society (McArthur). He was majorly concerned with leadership, education and humanity. Before his death, little emphasis was put on his teachings. However, after his death, most people came to appreciate his efforts and adopted his teachings that came into records. During his life, there were a number of lo yal people who believed in him and helped him achieve his mission even after his death. Among the works done by Confucius was The Four books and The Five Classics (Clements). It is worth to focus on the life of this great philosopher who has transformed the lives of many people today. Confucius Life Confucius was born in 550 B.C. to parents whose love life was very controversial. The society had rejected the marriage between his father and mother terming it as an illicit union. This is because; the father was an old man, at the age of sixties, who got married to a teenage girl, Confucius mother (McArthur). When he was three, he lost his father after which he had to struggle in poverty as his mother was not capable of making much money. They also faced hostility from the society which did not recognize the marriage of his parents. His father held a junior position in the military office. He had been married to two different wives who had not been able to give birth to a baby boy. Thi s had resulted to this relationship that the society objected. In this society, it was not right for an old man to get married to a teenage girl. It was therefore difficult to lead life in such a state and the mother opted to move out to a different location where they led a new life (McArthur).In his days, Confucius lived a life characterized by feudalism. The society was also characterized by bad morals. He yearned to see a society that was orderly with good morals. He experienced a leadership where the rich disregarded the poor. He was not pleased with this kind of leadership and all his efforts were directed towards educating the leaders on justice and equal treatment (McArthur). This made him to come up with philosophies he thought would transform the nation. Through his efforts, he had gained popularity and recognition in the society that made him secure a chance to serve in the cabinet. Though most people opposed him, the position had given him a better platform to educate pe ople about good morals. Unfortunately, he would no longer stand the opposition and he decided to resign from his position. Confucius later moved out of Lu to different places in the country in an attempt to persuade top leaders in the society to consider his sentiments. Despite the fact that most leaders recognized him; no one agreed to appoint him to hold any position. He had very few options left. Despite this, he was still passionate about transforming the society. He decided to dedicate his efforts towards writing and teaching people about his philosophies (McArthur). While he was alive, he had managed to get a number of loyal followers who were willing to assist him to spread his word. They supported him and after his death in 479 B.C., they still held his teachings. After his death, the followers gained much recognition and they were considered for major government positions. It is after their appointments that they were able to assert Confucius philosophies and teachings whi ch were received well by the society. His teachings were able to transform so many sectors including the health, education, families, ethics, conformation to standards, honor for ancestors as well as upholding traditional values (McArthur). These followers had played a major role in spreading the word and, later, Confucianism was adopted by many religions in China. Confucius Philosophies (Confucianism) Confucius philosophies were not based on religion. His philosophies were mainly to guide peoples conduct and ethics in the society (Clements). People in his society had always believed that anything occurring naturally has a soul. They recognized the existence of the gods which they highly regarded. The society understood that every individual was obliged to worship and obey the spirits. Confucius philosophies always disregarded the existence of the spirits insisting that people should not put emphasis on things that cannot be seen. Confucius was ever concerned on real life situations and never had interest in things that were unseen. He taught people to make their personal judgments using their common sense rather than seek the help of spirits and ancestors. He had influenced his followers and they too discouraged people from depending on spirits and ancestors rather than themselves (Clements). They reiterated that peoples problems would not be solved by ancestors. They also encouraged people to come together and share ideas so as to solve their problems. They believed that whenever people faced difficulties, critical thinking was the best way to find solutions. They regarded those who sorted help from spirits and ancestors as unwise. Confucius, however, believed that God exists. Although he never discussed much about God, he advised people not to go against his will (Clements). Nevertheless, his maintained his stand that people had the responsibility to attain good morals. God is not responsible for human behavior and therefore no one should seek his help. In his arguments, humans are free people and they are responsible for their actions. He considered change as a personal choice. In his view, human life is a gift and everybody was supposed to use it well. People ought to do good to others as they also expect good in return. He believed in a society where everyone was treated fairly and equally. The purpose of humankind is to have good morals and respect for others (Clements). When compared to the Christian life, there occur major differences in the views held by the two parties. While Confucius holds that human beings have the responsibility to attain good morals, Christians understand that it is God who gives morals. Drawing teachings from the bible, Christians understand that all things are only possible through God. Human beings must give their lives unto God to achieve anything. Christians put more emphasis on the life in heaven as opposed to Confucian who emphasizes on human life and behaviors on earth (Clements). The Moral Ethic s of Confucius In his teachings, Confucius puts more focus on three principles. These include the Jen, Li and Chun-Tzu principles (McArthur). The Li Principle means that people should have mutual respect and good behaviors. Confucius expected the society to regard all individuals without considering their social class. He desired to see a change in the society, having been a victim of discrimination and mistreatment. He believed that everyone would like to be fairly treated by others. The second principle Jen, is considered the most important aspect of Confucianism (McArthur). This principle is based on the fact that everyone should do good to others. People should embrace brotherhood and always be there for one another. Confucius believed that people who help others are the most successful. He urged people to care for others and help them when need arises (McArthur). The Chun - Tzu principle holds that a person should always act as a gentleman. Gentlemen always have good ethics and are respectful. He held that all people need to be kind, honest and fair to others. They should also know how to administer justice. He stood for a society which could uphold these principles (McArthur). Confucius Understanding of HumankindConfucius believed that it was good to be human. Excellency, to him, is for everyone. It would, however, take every individuals personal effort to achieve excellency (McArthur). Some of the major aspects humans need to consider to achieve excellency are education, self-discipline and dedication. He was disappointed that no one ever showed interest to achieve excellency. Christians have expressed different views as drawn from the bible. The...