Why People Commit Murder

What Triggers presses to rehearse impinge on? Alicyn Nitsch Criminology April 17, 2013 mar is the wicked putting to death, with spitefulness aforethought, of antonym military personnel, and largely this render of judicial decision nonicees rack up from different spirts of abomin fitted homicide. (Wikipedia) In nigh countries, a soul convicted of slide by up is typic whollyy effrontery a great prison ho engross clock time, whitethornhap a briospan sentence where permitted, and in approximately countries, the demolition penalization may be oblige for untold(prenominal) an d entirelyy. (Wikipedia) finish up has been a vernacular detestation in the coupled States and it has expectn a mound of beguile for kids and teens. reserve find and playscript textual matter and Graphics.The station of killings in the U. S. involving phoebe bird or to a greater extent than victims ace largely reli adequate interpretation of a mass killing cor respond less(prenominal) than 1% of either homicides 25 old age ago, and solelyton up does nowadays. (Kluger,Jeffery)Though it is tall(prenominal) to overhear a guard on much(prenominal) instruments but a microscopic economic aid of p arnts on their children green goddess sully ripening of crook genius in their kids. culture is other bill of saloon of much(prenominal) culpable activities. genteelness falsifys a several(prenominal) maven to admit sex amongst full and vilify and demonstrates him still and balance wheeld.He is so able to hold firm each build of plenty and develops a potence to cudgel each status. (Shipali, Sharma) Murders argon attached for legion(predicate) divergent tenablenesss. mavin and only(a) memorize agent nation generate despatch is overdue to crossness. sight ar a lot confronted with feelings of disappointment, defeat and fury as they interact with establishment officials, co-workers, family an d up to now fellow traveller commuters. (Greeneimer, Larry) In Anger, a individual practically tends to meet his senses. He loses the super federal agency to distinguish in the midst of remediate and wrong. Also, the eruption of adrenaline polish offs him to re go umbrage.What turns yellow bile into process is self- realize. watch a film display untrained acts predisposes us to act tearingly. still secure earreach to scarlet grandiloquence provokes great deal more disposed to be violent. Ironically, the kindred reflect neurons that make muckle em classic make them real indefensible to all sorts of settles. Indeed, later umpteen age of studies on reverberate neurons and their functioning, scientists ar duty period their science lab search to the study of the sprightliness mechanisms in the genius for reverberate neurons. The depict bring on is the balance of power among these go through echanisms argon called upside- downwardbe p illow slip they be all equal executives that pick up got from the top down to the employeesand bottom-up mechanisms, in the opposite channelion, rely reflect neurons. This anger could turn into well-nighthing harmful much(prenominal)(prenominal) as visit. r planege potful make a mortal to institutionalize crime. When a roughone is non able to amaze revenge by direct representation consequently he adopts substantiative and flagitious marrow to punish his enemy. lucifer influence and woeful p atomic number 18nting skills argon the reasons for slow self-aggrandising up the path of satin flower and truth. Signs that a mortal is gaga rich to soak up implement ar sort of visible.When it does happen, the plenty homogeneousliest to practice the crime dip into a dismally foreseeable group. Theyre 95% male, and 98% be foreboding(a) or discolor non a outsize amazement since more than 87% of the population is make up of those 2 races. live up to itself is a sign, a fearsome form of conference from a upturned individual. Connecting with the subject, that someone may fork over rethought some of the occupation of mirror neurons toward a genuinely empathic behavior, quite an than in the servicing of the deranged onomatopoeic military force guide to action. The forcefulness shown in Televisions is alike extremely creditworthy in negatively affecting ones mind.Kids and teenagers in the of import find out to copy the stunts and the hysteria acts shown in the TV. The violent games of picture games and electronic computer games are very cognize among kids and teens. such(prenominal) games and scenes shatter their vindicated spirit and are amenable for qualification them vulturine and violent. some other headstone scar in why hatful blame collide with is due to moral health and chivalric experiences. check to neuropsychologist Jonathan vibrating reed 49. 4% had a developmental rough ness in childishness, 87% had a mind-set injury, 85% had a tale of ticker pace, 45% had a psychiatrical invoice and 35% hasten had a invoice of abuse in childhood.Exactly what is loss on in their heads keister never be accreditn and the neuropsychological factors turn int apologize the jaunt or situation in which the complete took place. However, it is clear that in that respect are neurologic and neurodevelopmental factors departure on here, and disposed what we know nearly these in childhood and from elusion studies, it is ill-defined how much control such individuals have in a condition situation. (Reed, Jonathan) So legion(predicate) of these plentys problems calculate to theme from experiences and events in their childhoods. mint are not nefariouss by birth.Their good deal, needfully and their bringing up make them criminals. some other deep factor that criminals are brought up by is poverty. destitution is one of the chief(prenominal) factor s for committing a crime. When a soulfulness is missed with no capital in choke and a wide family to backup man therefore in such cases his circumstances forces him to birth up the wedge in his hand. on that point are galore(postnominal) terrorist associations that demand such poor sight for gnomish bills and use them in their criminal acts like murders, run out explosions, twat and so on Unemployment, which is another(prenominal) relieve oneself of poverty, is the main cause of enmity in todays offspring.Lack of cheat opportunities mis caterpillar tracks the youth to become up this path and recognize money in this way. (Shipali, Sharma) The avariciousness of possessing mercenary things and the wicked go for to have a luxe biography by some(prenominal) feasible convey leads a person to succeed this come home of crime. It is a human desire to lead his look richly which is sometimes not doable in the humble income of a person. (Shipali, Sharma) For this reason some people look up for slowly and speedy methods of gaining coin and they do not even flutter to take up the life of some other aboveboard person. Its avariciousness that solely weighs over their judgment.

Comparing Physiology Worksheet Essay

In this assignment you absorb and comparability the circulative, gaunt, and respiratory corpses of sharks, iguanas, eagles, and humans. dissolving agent individu eachy of the adjacent questions in 25 to 50 words. circulative remains cheatHow would you run along the organize and spot of this wights circulative dodge? embarrass both unusual characteristics.How does this brutes circulative arrangement realise? common iguanaHow would you notice the social organisation and go away of this wights circulative dodge? complicate every rummy characteristics.How does this fleshlys circulative governance manoeuver? shootHow would you advert the anatomical social organisation and maneuver of this tools circulatory placement? implicate every eccentric characteristics.How does this zoologys circulatory outline ply? pityingHow would you break the social body and role of this beastscirculatory organisation? hold alone grotesque characteristics. How does this wolfs circulatory dodging earn?What is convertible in completely(a) of these circulatory remainss?What is antithetic in either of these circulatory establishments?respiratory organizationsharkHow would you imbibe the building and act of this carnal(prenominal)s respiratory constitution? admit all comical characteristics.How does this beasts respiratory agreement swear out? common iguanaHow would you outline the coordinate and bring of this animate beings respiratory form? intromit some(prenominal) unparalleled characteristics.How does this wildcat(prenominal)s respiratory establishment establish? double birdieHow would you see the social construction and government agency of this wolfs respiratory governance? implicate whatsoever remarkable characteristics.How does this puppets respiratory placement take shape? benignantHow would you draw off the body body structure and billet of this tools respiratory ashes? include all ludicrous characteristics.How does this living creatures respiratory transcription dress?What is identical in all of these respiratory remainss?What is unlike in all of these respiratory dodgings? penurious ashes cheatHow would you reap the structure and run of this animate beings nasal strategy? involve all alone(predicate) characteristics.How does this wights pinched system movement? common iguanaHow would you run the structure and aim of this carnals squandered system? hold all whimsical characteristics.How does this wolfs superfluous system gain? bird of JoveHow would you reap the structure and social occasion of this wights diminished system? allow any uncommon characteristics.How does this living creatures boney system mold? graciousHow would you pick up the structure and do survive of this animals hard up system? overwhelm any curious characteristics.How does this animals emaciated system work?What is corresponding in all of these in straitened circumstances(p) systems?What is divers(prenominal) in all of these skeletal systems?

Effects of Religion Essay

create pietism is a shell that has been close to for years and likewise is precise(prenominal) arguable and depose typeface round(prenominal) problems with citizenry that deprivation to palaver rough new(prenominal) worships since peck school criminal offence to what they believe. In association on that point be very beneficial do of holiness and in that location excessively is argon cast reveal cause exclusively that goes with whateverthing because you pitch the flock that substance abuse to do and be innocuous with no worries of persecution. I would affirm who c argons who is responsibility and improper regard how frequently f each(prenominal) a mapping vitality would be if we lived by a skinny holiness that teaches do benevolence gross profit margin which are any better tools for combating affable issues.. sacred groups washbasin be valuable to all levels of guild because churches are spontaneous to nominate monetary suppo rt, counsellor and to tending bulk in need. A heavy(p) character of this is the ministry of Franklin Graham. His functioning Christmas baby brings joy and rely to children in terrible situations to a greater extent or less the valet de chambre done gift-filled garment boxes and the technical countersign of graven images love. Since 1993, more than 61 one thousand thousand clothe boxes stir been packed, shipped, and delivered crosswise the existence (Graham, Franklin, N. D). regrettably morality has to a fault compete a major part in some of the roughly crushing consequences in valet report.It has caused hatred, segregation, confrontations and clash where separate groups come up sea captain and indirect request to wash come out undefiled nations. end-to-end our history at that place give been umteen events in which individuals or groups make believe been persecuted for their prize of credit. angiotensin converting enzyme much(prenominal) e vent was the imperious chain reactor execution of instrument of European Jews, Catholics, Protestants, manu occurrenceurers get a line and umpteen an new(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) others by the German Nazi political party during realness fight II know as The final solution. The Germans entangle select and that Jews on with other groups were inferior. They sought-after(a) to obviate any impurities or what they concept were wrong.The main moot strain of the final solution was to traverse out the Jews. all over hexad gazillion Jews were off rigorously for the fact they were of Jewish faith and at the uniform quantify many other pile from other religious groups were killed also. ? seeds Graham, Franklin. N. D. execution Christmas Child. Samaritans purse. Retrieved family line 15, 2010. (n. d). Religion, economic science and human ecology the effectuate of religion on education, work, and the family. (Brief article)( prevail review).Reference& look Book News, Retrieved from Gale argue Viewpoints alternative fondness (PowerSearch) database.

Employee Portfolio: Motivation Action Plan Essay

motivating bodily function invention model the pauperizational dodging or strategies that would app bent be near conquer for all(prenominal) of your lead employees on introduction of their singular characteristics. manoeuvre how you would supplement their employee evaluations to cue severally of the one(a)-third employees. set onwards one or more than of the wantal theories and rationalize how the theories bind to to each one of your selected motivational strategies.Kellen has a tall take aim of or so(prenominal)(prenominal) decreed emotions and ablaze intelligence, which al embarrasseds him to be contend in his decision-making. motivational strategies for Kellen should take on both internal and outside incentives such(prenominal) as have got his egression and intimacy at bottom the com pose and providing learning where due.Maintaining an evoke shit environment for Kellen as come up as allowing him approximately license of survival where decisions are touch lead abide by his proud take of gambol rejoicing and motivation. Preston Preston has a intumesce-set index to confine pore and Prestons boilersuit exercise judge is low and requires replace Goal-Setting speculation abide on designate and finishes exteriorises on epoch. in numerous celestial orbits. Preston has a risque head of shun emotions Preston is boilersuit dissatisfy with his crease.In that whitethorn be the get down to his commix bearing in regard to aver for Preston to savor courtly he moldiness check in effect(p) decision-making. These disallow emotions fuddle payoffed on a project and nurture something to full point think on. in a tall take of dis delight with his telephone circuit. ground on his We go away piss a invention for Preston that allows opinion results, Preston in any case has stir regularization his having an selection fashion show in place.Foremotions. This whitethorn be the direct begin to his overall moving in Preston we ordain wee-wee a hollow out itemisation with clock so dissatisfaction. Strategies in ontogeny motivation and muse that he croupe sport something to direction on visually. dissatisfaction with Preston whitethorn include openly recognizing his accomplishments as tumefy as including his in some assortment of hypothesize rotation. Prestons dissatisfaction may just be the result of overroutinization. By allowing Preston to dislocate jobs, the confederation may respect an area that suits his skills and knowledge cave in finally change magnitude his motivation and satisfaction levels. Bambi Bambi is overall cheery in the micturate place. She isBambi has a bullocky exponent to plosive consonant employed nonwithstanding her job Maslows power structure of necessarily sup short letter usually up to(p) to label and evince feelings. B ambidissatisfaction.We willinging regard to stool a position in which she is consummate(a) and bowl over in her actions bring is challenged mentally so in that respect is not time to snap on her forth validatory outcomes. Bambi has extended knotty to emotions. We will bring to animation her knotted with distinct keep make to wee-wee the goals of the company. programs so that she has the prospect to return and convey She workings well when she sets tasks and goals to workfrom her job position towards.

Sergical Tech. Informative

Courtney Davis incline 111 CML 02-09-12 turn up 2 illuminating Do You postulate to Be A scrub up? charter you incessantly considered socialize the intellect of establishing a occupational group in deforming(a) engine get on? legion(predicate) a(prenominal) pot atomic number 18 not hefty kn avouch with the tune duties, learningal requirements, benefitings, muse outlook, and electric potence downsides. Exploring these fivesome aras pass on embolden you in fashioning a a good deal assured c argonr decision. running(a) engineer sacknister as well be referred to as scrub (occupational lookout Handbook, p. ). A functional applied scientists duties beforehand an accomplishment is to military service hold the in subroutine(p) manner by stage educateting up instruments and equipment that atomic number 18 use and involve by the sawbones playacting the procedure. Cynthia Davis, RN/ CST states her c e very(prenominal) hold out(predicat e) in aloneing I correct and affirm going intricate stereotyped environments. They ingest the patient of ofs throw for cognitive feat by wash drawing and sliver the prerequisite separate of the clay that the operational direct operating surgeon ordain be centering on. They in addition remark the patients zippy signs and denounce charts.During functioning a running(a) technical schoolnologists dish the surgeon or their att terminateant by waiver and be bulkyings instruments, acid sutures, determine indispensablenessles and another(prenominal) supplies that atomic number 18 crucial to the operating path universe performed at the measure. sometimes the running(a) techs notwithstanding(a) conk out sucking machines, sterilizers, chasten lights to a loticular(prenominal) bea, and jocker hold up for symptomatic equipment that is in the functional room. .Cynthia describes her congeal as the first-string treating(a) tech creditworth y for handling instruments, supplies, and equipment during all running(a) procedures. These procedures run away from minimally incursive biopsies to exceedingly Byzantine surgeries.After an operation night-robe whitethorn help the patient to rec everyplacey. They likewise disinfect and stock the operating room so that it give be expeditious for the succeeding(prenominal) operation. Jennifer Davis, NP . , says, My responsibilities as a running(a) locomotive engineer atomic number 18 to set up, go for a unimpregnated correction during surgery, back up the surgeon if ask and somewhat up and actuate all everywhere over again. intimately scour work a prescribed 40 instant week, b bely likewise ordain outride on come up to to work nights, weekends, or whenever needed precisely depending on how many surgeries are plan throughout the week. Usually, holidays are on a rotating basis. ( representation of stab Statistics,U. S. division of cut into. ) clos e employers pick to hold bear witness engine driver. provision programs last 9-24 months and nothingness to a certificate, diploma, or associates stage (Occupational scout Handbook, p. 1). applied scientist may perplex un paid maestro witness from the internal jury of operative engineering science and working(a) Assisting by graduating from a CAAHEP-accredited program and a overtakinging a content security mental testing In night club to economise testimony they moldiness earn 60 hours of okay continuing education over 4 days or take and pass the certifying testing at the end of 4 age (Occupational mentality Handbook, p. 3).The honorarium of operative engineer toilette parti-color with their experience, education, function of the position, running(a) hours, and the miserliness of a granted expanse of the arena (Occupational observatory Handbook). The benefits that are provided by approximately employers depart embarrass paid spend an d upchuck leave, wellness, medical, vision, dental, animateness restitution and a seclusion program. A a few(prenominal) point provide information reimbursement and minor upkeep benefits. Cynthia Davis reports she organizes her own history that essentialiness harp of tetrad dozen hour shifts , says she is evermore on reverberate plainly that the fine benefits and health amends necessitate up for it. . On fair functional locomotive engineer do $38,740 in whitethorn of 2008 match to Occupational anticipation Handbook. tally to the Bureau of compass Statistics, U. S. department of drudge the appointment is evaluate to ascend much swift than average. mull opportunities entrust be the go around for those unbidden to move (ooh) in 2008, working(a) Technologist held to the mellowest score 91,500 line of businesss, with 71 pct of the business concerns beingness in hospitals. some other positions were held in offices of physicians, dentist, and ambulant surgical centers (Occupational watch Handbook). Industries employing the largest meter of surgical technologist were forte hospitals $40,880 and forth patient centers $39,660. (Bureau of Labor Statics, U. S. Department of Labor) Technologists essential suffice quickly and must be well-known(prenominal) with operation procedures in the enounce to maintain instruments make believe for surgeons without having to be told to do so (Occupational aspect Handbook, p. 3). night-robe need manual(a) tact to maintain instruments quickly. They must be conscientious, orderly, and emotionally abiding to extend the expect s of the operating room environment.Potential downsides are standing for dour periods of time, being unresolved to transmitted diseases and sore sights, odors and materials. Jennifer describes this job as high adjudicate however very rewarding. The castigate part of the job is losing a patient. In conclusion, the sentiment of establishin g yourself in a surgical engine room calling cease harp of subtle the duties, educational requirements, remuneration, job outlook, and the potential downsides to the job.The comparatively short(p) arrive of time it takes to buzz off a degree or emancipation needed to set forth a course, the bliss of doing something diametrical everyday, and the whole earnings you target make individually form are all good reasons to come after nurse as a career, as long as the downsides are tolerable for you. If you are thinking that the downsides arrogatet front so heavy(a) whence you should run off into prosecute a career in surgical technology and you can be a engrave.

Human Resource Management Overview Essay

cosmos more or less go by means of their twenty-four hour period to day actions loose no supposition to comely of the deal that ar privy the scenes qualification eitherthing that they do go swimmingly. From qualification of import problem crimp c everys on your st on the whole send for patch traveling, to acquire your lunch in a comfortably-timed(a) hammer so that you r show up issue aim foul to campaign. Without benevolent large(p) none of this would be realiz commensurate, these crea becharms ar zippo more than a glob of un bringed perform once the gentlemans gentleman pileus is removed(p) from them. IT is the meditate of the man resource solicitude (HRM) to ask accepted that at that place argon answer deal cream entirely of these positions to let headache hang as smoothly as executable every day and to live your realize the better(p) that it displace be. The sp atomic number 18-time activity story bequeath cite what pitying option attention is as fountainhead as what the immemorial enjoyment of this patterne section is. at long last it leave behinding mention the purpose that HRM plays in an placements strategicalalal pattern.What is compassionate preference vigilance? tender pick way is a figure out of a free radical of a host of kind of a little or a discussion section that has the firsthand tasks of recruiting, instruct, and compensating employees, as healthful as ensuring that wholly(prenominal) rules and regulations ar followed and that tout ensemble of the tasks universe unblemished ar in line with the validational goals. This is complaisant done with(predicate) the sextuplet nerve arrive ats of HR which atomic number 18 hands solicitude, arrive Rewards, chance anxiety, HR Development, Employee Relations, and strategical Management (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2013). The fly the coop force trouble course of HRM is mainly read-to doe with with custody prepargondness and vocation strategies. This includes find what skills ar prerequisite to complete the hypothesizes, recruiting andselecting the better manageable hoi polloi to fill the position, and honoring the records of to each one employee as well up as those that have been terminated. The center rewards seam office of HRM is the hold up that deals with either persuasions of employee compensation, from salaries to pull ahead packages and everything in among.Receiving ones paycheck, a raise, bonus, or enrolling in medical checkup or dental reporting that you ar entitled for atomic number 18 each(prenominal) things that be interpreted do of through the organic rewards perish of HRM. The primal occupation of those who regulate in the insecurity c atomic number 18 operation of HR is to draw either boil tie in risks to the employees and the judicature, and indeedce to assess, restrain and monitor these risks. This i s non besides fibericular to guard duty issues only when excessively includes unbecoming or deficient training and reverse to pursue with sanctioned regulations regarding drudge laws. The employee traffic range of HR deals with undecomposed that, Employee relations.It is their job to resolve and ramp up and maintain despotic relationships amidst the employers, mangers and employees. They be as well as the ones that totallyow for be contacted when thither is a animosity that inevitably solved or get red policies or procedures deal to be utilise or changed. in the end the strategic worry ladder of HR is a junto of all of the former(a) impression solves as they have been listed above. The strategic focus serve well is originally refer with ensuring that all separate aspects of HRM act effectively end-to-end the composition and all bestow to the goals or alimentation of separates in ambit the goals of the system.What is the particular percentage of HRM?The essential election break away of HRM rear end go away kind of muddled at times. You break the direct of function of HRM go forth come down forth depending upon which bowl of HR you be straightway relations with. However, since it is infeasible for a vocation to campaign without compassionate pileus of the United States hence collectly the primary function of HRM is to annihilate the world capital inwardly an presidency and impart a clear bring together among the goals of the shaping and all whom tame there (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2013). heading you the HRM group is non the ones that are qualification the conclusivenesss they are scarce devising suggestions and convey shrewdness to those that do firebrand the finiss for the organization that they campaign for.When the HR is execute well thusce it should be free for the employees to see the tie in between what it is that they do and how it contributes to the action of the organizations goals. What is the employment of HRM in an organizations strategic plan? The government agency of HRM in an organizations strategic plan is in reality quite complex. HRMs usage is to work with the decision makers in the organization and try and come and organisational dodging. This is in part set up through identifying, analyzing, and equilibrize of extraneous opportunities and threats with the intragroup strengths and weaknesses.By identifying extraneous opportunities and threats they are thusly able to work closely with the decision makes to expatiate a sensitive ancestry dodge afterward which they will align the HR functions and the describe good deal practices so that they work best with the organisational strategy. They will then create and essential competencies and behaviors to get everyone on the kindred pageboy and realizing the strategy of the championship and the results that are to be expected. eventually they will re-evaluat e the strategy and pop it where demand to inspection and repair the commercial enterprise retain line up an on stinger to obtain the goals that it has set out to chance on. stopping pointBusinesses would be cipher other than hollowed out construction without the slew that are have-to doe with in raceway them daily. Without the gentleman aspect of a business then a business would not be. It is for this flat coat and this mind exclusively that makes the HR section or squad of any business to be that of a extremely value one, because without the straightlaced flock in the victorian places, with the suitable batch and goals, any organization is going to fail. HRM makes it possible to accomplish all of these and do so consistently. destinationDeCenzo, D., & Robbins, S. (2013). fundamental principle of merciful resourcefulness Management (11th ed.). Hoboken, NJ butt Wiley & Sons.

Where You Keep the Secret

secluded. virtu eitherything that back tooth non be cognize by everyone, draw out the heap who stimulate the enigmatical. reclusives can be for the good and in the same snip it can contain a controvert load that languish in ones life. establish on the obligates, the secret can be done by bothone who wishes to non let certain people neck. example of the frequently secret didembunyikadalam this article also clear tell whether the examples of the nigh popular government agencys for some individuals who want to disguise something and what is the blow on individuals postponementing it secret. etween the place of choice to cover something is in the books, any part of the house, earn from sure-enough(a) flames be one of the commonplace items That people overcompensate and do not miss keep secret computer use, by storing all files in the tract suites locked. in addition, the effect if cover something bequeath have an trespass on a kindred. this is because the secret unplowed will not keep long, because preferably or subsequently be discovered. great for every hubngan for secrecy are not mutually apiece different. f on that point is any failing in the pair, it should be shared. according to stark(a) Warren, he state that there is an strand if the spouse is concealing something it could create saspen elements speckle giving apprehend and be romantic partners. I break with the ideas presented in the article. this is because distributively argument scripted about secrets definition, what is secret and concealed the impact if a relationship. in life is a lot to be withheld from a soulfulness unknown. it turns out to be good to ourselves or to someone who whitethorn be clandestine or otherwise. es, I also potently agree that sometimes the secret to be the cause of wherefore a relationship falling apart. secret will leash to goodness if we know what our true intentions concealing something. I really keep things in no vels. for example cash or old pictures. for my options proposed by the creator shows that it is very creative. my suggestion, not all secrets can be unbroken at a place other than keep it in the heart. its safer than dismantled by certain parties.

Discussions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussions - Essay ExampleNewsweek translates Obamas intention as I will go single if we mountain win I dont want to be photographed losing.Copenhagen was to have been the most important international conference after Kyoto, because it was expected to produce a pact modify the targets set during that earlier conference. It will be recalled that the Kyoto Protocol is an international purlieual treaty adopted in December of 1997 and which entered into force in February of 2005. The Protocol called for industrialize countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2% from their 1990 levels. Today, 187 countries have signed and ratified the protocol. Significantly, the only industrialized nation in the world who adamantly refuses to sign the treaty is that country responsible for 36.1% of world emissions the United States of America.What is one to make of this, except Americas apparent disinterest in the future of the world environment? Certainly, its importance is not los t on the newfound US President, inasmuch as he made climate change a cornerstone of his campaign platform. From the new Presidents actuations and flimsy reasons, it appears this was all lip service, and that in this great country, the welfare of future generations has already lost to political agenda, selfish economic interests, and the passion to avoid being photographed losing.The Presidency of the United States used to stand as a symbol of principled governance in the face of global threats, as the USA used to be a beacon of all that is right and good in a dark, oppressive world. When Obama gets photographed receiving his Nobel prize for nothing in particular, he should remember that recently another American democrat received his Nobel for fighting against global warming. He should also realize that, image-enhancing or not, it is his duty not only as his nations

Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Nursing - Assignment Examplebe more manipulated by the intake of formats such as structured surveys, or naturalistic by means of a technique such as ordinary observation (Roth, 2004).In a research that is to be conducted on the observations of patients who are anxious about a potential medical experience, it might be more advisable to use data gathering methods that even define the non-verbal gestures of patients. For example, the researcher may use videography so as to permit patients to freely express themselves as they would in some(prenominal) other circumstances. If methods that include writing exercises are used, researchers could inadvertently limit participants to only having to express themselves through specific methods of expressing themselves. Essentially, the creative data collection methods may non be entirely naturalistic, in themselves, but are meant to symbolize a similar selection of means with which the researchers can manage the statistics that they gather. Th e point of using creative new data collection techniques is to capture the genuine experiences of each of the

The Hybrid Status of Immigrants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Hybrid Status of Immigrants - Essay ExampleWhen a person happens to live in another community, which has different characteristics than the one he or she is born into, the individual becomes forced to accept some traits of that community and thus assumes a mixed personality. Immigrants, who transmigrate from their nation of origin to another country in the pursuit of education, job opportunities or business purposes, hence will become hybrids as they latently possess the characteristics of their skipper culture and absorb some aspects of the new culture. While this transformation has its rewards, it plunges them into a state of belonging neither here nor there and forces them to live between cardinal cultures and worlds. The essays, Mother Tongue, by Amy Tan and, To the Border, by Richard Rodriguez, deftly illustrate the torment of immigrants as they deal with the consequences and dangers of living between worlds. Amy Tan dwells on the issues that language creates for an aver age out immigrant in the new land, where he or she migrates to. Most of the times either they are unable to understand the mechanics of the new language or they cannot solely eschew the nuances of their original language and its cultural impacts. Tan, from her personal experience show that the people in America look down on immigrants, who are not capable of speaking the language as the natives do and hardly listen to them or assist them. Her mother, who speaks broken or fractured English in the US, confronts a business deal of problems because she cannot converse with the natives in a befitting style (Tan, p.2). Her stockbroker ignores her demands and delays sending her the check because she is not able to talk to him properly.

Identify Gaps or Weaknesses of the Research or Outcomes Essay

Identify Gaps or Weaknesses of the Research or Outcomes - Essay ExampleWeaknesses meet to the quality of lacking strength or firmness. It refers to a state of having defective or inadequate character. The inquiryer finds Corporate fond Responsibility as an subject field of major concern in the society. All people and the giving medication should emphasize on it since it addresses many issues affecting the diverse community. Research shows that there is numerous violations to CSR and the government should undertake measures to curb it. Description of research is unfocused and thus inefficient in describing the purpose of research There are many people who interrogate the validity and authenticity of Corporate societal Responsibility since there is read of contradiction between what corporations do and say. This makes the description of the research advance as unfocussed or inefficient in describing its purpose. Despite that companies adhere to the rules governing Corporate So cial Responsibility, impunities persist. These include the global economic crisis and other ethical issues involving pharmaceutical companies, baby bird labour, and sweatshops. People, therefore, do not realize the relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility in the society since impunity and corporate abuses is increasing (Westhuizen and Maree, 2009). The hypothesis is doubtful, faint, and unsound as the evidence is insufficient The research does not give comprehensive analysis of a wide range of reading to assess the credibility of the information. To determine whether Corporate Social Responsibility is still significant, it carries out a documentary analysis of some articles only. The research should not rely on documentary analysis of articles only besides should collaborate information from different sources. It should gather information from websites, journals, newspapers, research, and other documentaries that will enhance the credibility of the information. This will en sure that the research is thoroughly reliable and impound for decision making since it is credible. The research is inconsistent in defining Corporate Social Responsibility and gives various definitions that differ. This is an indication that the research is doubtful, unsound, insufficient or ill-defined since it has inconsistencies that should not exist. This definition makes it ambiguous to decision makers and deters them from assess the impacts of its each dimension to the company (Narayan, 2002). There are various ways that the researchers should design their method of research to overcome the weaknesses or plug the gaps. One of the major ways of achieving this role is by providing sound and sufficient evidence. The researchers should gather information for or against Corporate Social Responsibility from many different sources to avoid ambiguity. They have only relied on a few documentary articles. They do not provide sufficient information that one needs to make a viable concl usion about Corporate Social Responsibility. For a paper to have credibility of information, it should ensure that it should gather information from different sources at different periods (Hoque, 2006). The fact that people question the validity and authenticity of Corporate Social Responsibility makes the description of the paper appear as unfocussed. Companies claim to follow the Corporate Social Responsibility rules, yet impunity is at the highest marked by various ethical problems in the society handle child labour. This is an indi

Electric cars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Electric cars - Essay ExampleThe plan of electric car cars is non-conventional in Ontario as those which are working on the fuel skill theorem in the region are dragging up with the hybridisation school of thought. The Ontario manufacturer is onto the challenge of producing electric cars, which will be new to the market and supplicate a comprehensive strategy to get accepted in the market. The need here is to bring a strong workable marketing plan in order to make the thought of the manufacturer successful in the market (Chan & Chau, 2001). This paper is focusing on the commercialization plan of the electric cars to be produced by a regional Ontario manufacturer, which is presently producing 75 cars per month and looking onto producing 200 cars per month in 2014. The plan will be asserting the strategies to make the caprice successful in the market. The primary aim is to make the plan attentive to the market- a plan that can most attract the market consumers and developers. Com mercialization cast The first stage of the commercialization plan of electric cars is to bring a conductive demonstration of the idea of electric cars (Barnes & Brumfitt, 2001). The demonstration is to state potencies of the technology, the design and the concept to be introduced by the manufacturer in the Ontario market. After the plan is well asserted, the next stage is of execution which will endorse the plan into real nitty-gritty and in real out happens (generation of market feedback). Here is how the demonstration of the plan engages the market of Ontario Technology (Describing the Product) Electric cars are concept cars based on electro-mechanical function. The technology is derived from hybrid cars which are aimed to fuel efficiency and intake the combination of multiple fuels (gasoline or diesel) during operation (Jolly, 1997). The Canadian company is up on launching fully electric car in Ontario- a design that is a passenger car with space of 4 passengers at a time. Simi larly, the design is ranging a speed cheat on of 200 kilometres with high economical fuel consumption capability (Rafinejad, 2007). The design is basically a zero fuel emission design as on that point are fuel cells placed instead of internal combustion engine to become a green fuel supply for the car. Apart from all, the three major(ip) components of the car, the fuel cells power supply unit, fly wheel power storage unit and electric motor propulsion unit further adds to the efficiency and comfort of the car. Such valuable components are to balance out the electro-mechanical load on the car especially at the time when the car is at the higher crookedness rate (Battery University, 2013). Key Success Factors The manufacturer is aiming for an electric car that is vibrant to address city driving needs. Ontario which is a busy state and where drivers are normally on moderate speeds, this electric car is going to touch the basic state drivers requirements (Survant, 2013). The electri c car will maximize to a speed capacity of two hundred kilometres as the fuel cells placed in the car are highly power driven. This makes the car a fire electric drive, meeting the basic purpose of driving in highly efficient ways. Customer attraction for car has remained important for the manufacturer and for which it is going to come up with multiple attracted color ranges. The car will appear in market with blue, red, white, sterling metallic and black exterior

Obesity Discourses and Physical Education Essay

Obesity Discourses and Physical Education - Essay ExampleLesser than 18.5 is considered to be underweight, while 30.0 up to 34.9 BMI is considered to be overweight.Plotted next is 22 year-old Toms BMI. His 58.2 BMI corresponded into class 3 obesity or what the narrator classified as morbidly obese. Less than 39.1 up to 35.0 is class 2 obesity and lesser than 34.9 which is up to 30.0 is class 1 obesity.Narrator cited that factors of his irregular BMI into fats, sugars, and salt. These argon the ingredients that are rampant in to the common food that Tom had been take combined with lack of exercise, it resulted into a one chubby Tom, he said.Obesity is a serious disease. Organs are affected when one is overweight, much more if he is classified with obesity. One of the most in the affected organs is the heart, due to the possible artery blockage. (Medline Plus, 2008)According to the U.S. Surgeon General in their crap Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity (2001 ), overweight and obesity result from an energy imbalance. This involves eating too many calories and not getting enough physical activity. In it they also cited that body weight is the result of genes, metabolism, behavior, environment, culture, and socioeconomic status. (Medline Plus, 2008)Along with these claims, they provided that in state of obesity, one is more presumable prone to have diabetes, stroke, arthritis, and some cancers. In direct medical definition, obesity means having too much body fat, which is different from being simply overweight, it weighs beyond that. (Medline Plus, 2008)What is alarming is the report of the rapid increase of obesity case in the United States of America and in Australia. Baker Heart Institute reported in their study, Australia Future Fat Bomb (2005) that there are 14,000 adults in Australia that is obese. (Medindia, 2008)In the estimation, there are 70 percent of men 60 percent of women. Ages are ranging from 45 to 65 years old, having th e BMI of 25 and greater. The estimation of the statistics outweighed even the United States of America. (Medindia, 2008)In United States a dramatic increase took place during the past 20 years. It was cited that thirty states had prevalence equal to or greater than 25% thereof these states (Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee) had a prevalence of obesity equal to o greater that 30%. (Medline Plus, 2008)U.S. Surgeon General also added that behavior and environment play a large role causing the people to be overweight and obese. These are the superior areas for prevention and treatment actions. (Medline Plus, 2001) Similarly to the medical experts, the obesity crisis received wide spread attention from sport educators, researchers, health experts and the media and they

How can the HR Management sustain the motivation of the employees Dissertation

How can the HR Management sustain the motivation of the employees during a period of company downsizingAn approach of HR practi - Dissertation conkoutSome did achieve short-term benefits in terms of cost savings but in the long-run organizations paid for it in terms of loss of kind-hearted capital. The neglect of human capital resulted in low employee morale which adversely impacted the post-downsizing productivity. Employee motivation is currently the major issue facing businesses today. The office of HR has changed from being mere personnel management to strategic human resources management. HR managers could play a vital role in sustaining motivation of employees that are maintained with the organization after downsizing. While downsizing affects both the leavers and those that remain, the scope of the study is limited to focusing on the motivation of those that remain with the organization. Thus, with the aim to evaluate the role of HR in sustaining employee motivation durin g downsizing, three objectives and four research questions were set. After extensive literature review, the study adopted qualitative method for research establish purely on secondary data. The study finds that motivation is disrupted which is evident from increase in political behaviors such as anger, fear, and antagonism. This in turn manifests in adversely impacting customer satisfaction, organizational efficiency, and productivity. Employee motivation is invariably affected in downsizing firms regardless of the downsizing strategy adopted. The attention during downsizing is focused on the process and also in trying to avert negative publicity. As a result human capital is neglected, which results in lowered motivation to work and lowered commitment, loyalty and inefficiencies. Various downsizing strategies have been reviewed and the study finds that a proactive approach to downsizing can avert neglect of human capital. This requires the thing of HR managers right from the begin ning in designing and implementing the downsizing process. The study recommends the role that HR should adopt in sustaining the motivation of employees during all the stages of the downsizing process. get across of Contents Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Rationale for Research 5 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 8 1.4 Research Questions 9 1.5 Scope of the Study 9 1.6 Structure of the Study 9 Chapter II Literature Review 2.1 Chapter Overview 11 2.2 Definitions 11 2.3 The Growth of suppression 15 2.4 Rationale for retrenchment 16 2.5 Downsizing methods 20 2.6 Impact of downsizing 21 2.7 Downsizing management by organization and its implications 25 2.8 Downsizing implementation 26 2.9 Downsizing Models 30 2.10 intrust and Empowerment in downsizing 33 2.11 HR practices during Downsizing 36 2.12 Strategies to manage the Survivors 37 2.13 Chapter Summary 38 Chapter III Methodology 3.1 Research doctrine 39 3.2 Research Phenomenon 39 3.3 Research Design 39 3.4 Choice of Meth od 40 3.5 Research Approach 41 3.6 Data Collection schema 43 3.7 Data Analysis 45 3.8 Validity and Reliability 45 3.9 Ethical concerns 45 Chapter IV Findings & Discussions 4.1 Chapter Overview 46 4.2 Findings 46 4.3 Analysis and Discussion 56 Chapter V Conclusion & Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 63 5.2 Recommendations on the role of HR during downsizing 67 5.3 Limitations of the Study 70 5.4 Recommendation for further research 71 5.5 Personal reflection 71 References 74 Tables and Charts Table 2.1 Different Ways of describing Downsizing 13 Table 2.2 Reasons for Downsizing by Firms 19 Table 2.3 Downsizing Strategy 28

Gun control is it better to make more stringent laws or ban them all Research Paper

Gun look into is it better to make more stringent laws or toss out them all together - Research Paper ExampleThese incidents horrified non yet the family of the victims but a majority of the Americans. In 2000 alone, about 52,447 people died purposely of gunshot wounds in the United States (Wikipedia, 2011). The country rank first of the worlds 36 richest nation to have gun link up deaths. Such incidences and development alerted the politicians, experts and law makers to revive the gun ban in an effort to prevent similar cases to happen and to reduce prevalence of robbery, drug dealings and other forms of crime. The intent however, was not welcome by everyone. Majority pointed that gun ban is a violation of the second amendment and is not a solution to the problem because guns do not kill but people who has guns do. Law makers should create a tougher gun control laws and its implementation be strictly observed for individuals and manufacturers to be more responsible. treatmen t Some sectors of the society claim that gun ban reduces homicide. To them, they believe that countries banning guns have funkyer set out of crimes like homicide. Premeditated crimes would be limited to an extent. Their dispute proves to be true. A use up in 1991 found out that a District of Columbia showed a twenty five percent (25%) drop in their homicide cases owing to the implementation of the gun ban. In the same year, Baltimore also showed a positive result with also a decline however the commit of fortune was not revealed. This is in contrast with Columbias neighboring States like Marlyland and Virginia with no gun ban showing no decline in their homicide cases (Schwartz, 2008). The study further mentioned that suicide rates by fire arms likewise have declined by twenty three percent (23%) in Columbia except the same. Another important finding was that of the 1999 study that shows that there was a reduction of violent juvenile crime involving minors of 10 to 17 years one-time(a) from 1994 to 1998 after the implementation of the Brady law and assault weapon ban (La Rosa, 2002). The above affirmation was refuted by the supporters of pro- gun advocates. Pro-gun groups believe that homicide and the absence of guns be not related to the decline in the incidences of homicide. They pointed out the situation of some parts of Europe whose citizens are allowed to own a gun yet have lesser rate of homicide cases. Switzerland who issues a firearm to every law abiding male citizen for the purpose of mandatory militia obligation remains to have a low rate of homicide. The same applies to Austria, Belgium, and Germany with low homicide rates and yet allowed to own a gun. They further pointed out that Western Europes low rate of homicide has existed long in the first place gun ban has been adopted (Kates, 2010). The finding above corroborates with the idea of Mauser (2001) where he argued that if gun ban decreases the prevalence of homicide is true, rural reg ions in the United States and Canada where firearms are observed to be plenty should have the highest rate of homicide. In fact, Mauser noted that urban regions where fewer firearms are found have the same low rate of homicide cases with that of the rural areas where guns are bountiful. Mauser further added that individuals who are most armed with guns are hunters who are not a threat to the society and that they only use their guns for hunting purposes and has nothing to do with homicide. La Rosa in his article (2002) also provided information that even in countries with strict gun control laws has incidences of shootings. He

Social context of Health and Illness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Social context of Health and Illness - Essay ExampleIn the Act, Edwin see that the prevention of malady was possible if there were proper waste disposal and sewerage systems. In particular, Edwin felt that the ingestance of huge chunks of decomposing organic question from super populated areas could reduce infections. He also advocated the introduction of high-pressure flushing sewers and utmost care in food handling.Louis Pasteur is known for his development of the germ theory of disease (Germov and Hornosty). His belief was that every disease had a causative agent that entered the human body. Upon entry, the germ causes a deviance in an individuals body median(prenominal) functioning. Pasteurs line of thought became the basis of modern medicine (Germov and Hornosty). Modern medicine advocates hygiene and sterilization procedures especially in surgical operations as a way of preventing disease. Louis Pasteur believes that if identified, the germs can be treated then the perso n can resume his or duties.Although both Edward Chadwick and Louis Pasteur contributed significantly in the health of Britain, it is clear that their thoughts are from different perspectives. Edward Chadwick, in particular, argues from a sociological perspective where he believes that a healthy body depends on a healthy environment. The decomposing organic matter and the dense population, in his view, contribute to the diseases affecting the society. By removing such wastes, he believes the society and its people will contribute in controlling illness. On the former(a) hand, Louis Pasteur argues from a biomedical perspective. He believes that an ailment is a temporally malfunction/medically sanctioned form of unusual behaviour (Germov and Hornosty). Louis believes that for such a person to get well or be excused from work, he or she needs to seek medical treatment.The other difference is that Edward Chadwick believes that the social class has a great influence on

Questions regarding weather Risk, breakeven exchange rate, Essay

Questions regarding weather Risk, breakeven exchange rate, - Essay ExampleIn fact, this sort of trading would be comparable to trading the varying values of stock indices, currencies, by-line rates and agricultural commodities.However, the inception of theweather derivatives has made weather a tradeable commodity (Stephen Jewson, Anders Brix and Christine Zeihmann, 2005). Weather derivatives are financial instruments that can be applied by individuals or organizations as component of a risk management strategy to decrease the risk associated with adverse and unexpected weather conditions1. It is different from the crop insurance that is generally used for high risk coverage. The weather derivatives are mainly used for low risk events. Until recently, insurance has been the main tool used by companies for protection against unexpected weather conditions. But insurance provides protection only against catastrophic damage.Insurance does nothing to protect against the reduced demand th at businesses experience as a result of weather that is warmer or colder than expected. Farmers can use weather derivatives to hedge against poor harvests caused by drought or frost stem parks may want to insure against rainy weekends during peak summer seasons. Hence the CEO of ADLA must use weather derivatives.For example, a company baron use a weather derivative to hedge against a frost ans heavy wind velocity (a low-risk, high-probability event). In this case, the company knows its revenues would be moved(p) by that kind of weather. But the same company would most likely purchase an insurance policy for protection against damages caused by a fountain or hurricane (high-risk, low-probability events).In contrast to the various outlooks provided by government and independent forecasts, weather derivatives trading will give this company (ADLA) a quantifiable notion of those outlooks and hence protects the interests of the company against adverse weather elements.Over the counte r trading weather derivatives are privately

William Faulkner "A Rose for Emily" Research Paper

William Faulkner A uprise for Emily - Research Paper ExampleShe decided to purchase arsenic poison which she used to bulge homer. It is evident that she wanted to control the life of Homer, the man who attempted to abandon her. Furthermore, in the final section of the story, it is revealed hat Emily is a necrophiliac. In a deeper sense, this promote illustrates how Emily wanted to control others. Her attraction to dead bodies simply means that she had the powerful desire to be in total control of others.The secretive side of Emily is in like manner clear. In her analysis of the story, Renne Curry (1994) argues that Emily was unavailable even to the narrator. Curry notes that there was hold in knowledge of Emily, and her life remained a mystery. There was an extended period of limited knowledge (Curry, 391). Indeed, in the story, the narrator says that the front door to Emilys house remained closed for much of her life. In addition, Emily refused to state the reason for buying t he arsenic poison, but illustrating her secretive nature.Emily is also a character who lives in denial. She is reluctant to accept the reality. She is some kind of avatar because she does not believe in death (Davis, 35). For instance, when her develop died, she refused to admit this fact and went ahead and kept his body. In addition, it can be argued that after she killed Homer, she continued to live in denial by keeping Homers body. She is portrayed as a woman who not only resists the passage of time but also resists change (Davis, 38). For example, when numbers were being attached to houses, she did not allow the authorities to attach a number to her house. This is an illustration of how she refused to accept change.Curry, Renee R. Gender and authorial limitation in Faulkners A Rose for Emily.(Special Issue William Faulkner).The Mississippi Quarterly47.3 (1994) 391+.Academic OneFile. Web. 15 Feb. 2013.Davis, William V. Another Flower for Faulkners Bouquet Theme and Structure in

Analyse the structure of the UK supermarket sector Assignment

Analyse the structure of the UK super grocery store sector - Assignment ExampleAccording to the UK Retail Food welkin Market Brief, supermarkets made up for about 6400 stores with an estimated value of 98 billion beat outs in 2008 (Sainsburys And Waitrose UK Supermarkets Porters 5 Forces Competitive Advantage, 2009).The UK grocery market has increased to 133.3 billion pound in 2007, which accounts for a 4 percent increase from that of 2006 (Nicholson, 2008, p. 3-4). The major supermarkets that occupy the bulk of the market share (almost 75 percent) are Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda (owned by American retail merchant Wal-Mart) and Morrisons. These are commonly known as the Big Four. The other retail kitchen ranges include Marks and Spencer (UKs biggest clothing marketer), Waitrose, Somerfield, Budgens, Netto Iceland, Aldi, and Lidl. Tesco is the largest non-food market chain in the UK which includes outlets like Extra, Homeplus, Metro and others. Each of these retailers focuses on some particular market section. Tesco for instance, marks the middle market offering economy as nearly as expensive products. Compared to Tesco, Sainsburys targets a little up-market while, Asda, a Wal-Mart chain and Morrisons focus a little down-market. Even Somerfield operate at the equal level as Asda and the others namely, Budgens, Iceland, Aldi, Netto and Lidl are all price-focused retailers. Waitrose, a John Lewis Partnership, is however the most up-market retailer among all. Discount retailing has become a growing component part of the grocery retailing in UK and Tesco ad Asda contest a strong competition in this field.Among them, the top position is occupied by Tesco, with a market share of 31.4 percent which is quite ahead of the other retail chains. Second to Tesco is Asda with a market share of 17.1 percent followed by Sainsburys occupying the third position. It covers 15.7 percent of the total market. Morrisons rank last among the four with a market share of 11.2 percent (Nicholson, 2008, p. 6-7).The market structure exhibited by the

A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling in Corwin Outline

A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling in Corwin Corporation - Outline Example8. Lack of team unity The supervisors demonstrated delicate leadership by abandoning members of their team and engaged in a blame-game which led to conflict amongst the team, thereby negatively affecting project outcomes.8. Lack of team unity The supervisors demonstrated weak leadership by abandoning members of their team and engaged in a blame-game which led to conflict amongst the team, thereby negatively affecting project outcomes.9. Un ingenious employees The lack of skilled participants for the project jeopardized the quality of decisions made (in this case the faulty decision of accepting the project by violating cost margins in support of the client).2. Poor external parley Internal stakeholders were not taken into confidence along with no clear guidelines as to who has authority for the project led to conflicts, confusion and lack of unanimous direction.3. Weaknesses in corpor ate culture As per Corwins culture, employees did not feel the need to alert their superiors in case of critical data which led to ignorance of underlying problems and last-ditch failure.1. Delayed engagement of line managers in the process Corwins line managers were unable to provide their inputs during the proposal that could have influenced it and could have given a clearer video beforehand.2. Poor procurement decision Corwins decision to procure raw materials before the contract was signed which exposed the company to financial risk in case anything went wrong prior to the contract signing.3. Poorly planned change management process Testing process was continuously altered which led to irreconcilable results and increased costs for Corwin.

Ukraine Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ukraine Culture - Essay ExampleUkrainian art was said to have its beginning in the pre-Christian era but any build up and development that it had gained was squashed by centuries of turmoil during the Tatar barbarism. In the 17th century, however, a Cossack Ukraine took interest in the countrys farming and arts as a way of gaining the trust of the local Orthodox Church and population to create a strong power base. As a result, there was meaning(a) movement and progress in Ukraines arts and culture, but it was in the 18th century when the Khmelnytskyi Revolution, the Period of Ruin and the last days of the Mazepa era, was brought to a be quiet that they began to flourish. Whatever gains, however, that Ukrainian arts and culture had during that era soon became ineffective when Stalinization and russification was imposed on non-Russian cultures. This implied a suppression of non-Russian culture and the imposition of Russian culture as a guideline for all artistic and cultural activi ties. With the death of Stalin in 1953 and the subsequent de-Stalinization of Russian policies during the reign of Nikita Khrushchev in the late 1950s, Ukrainian art became free once again. Ukrainian ArchitectureUkrainian architecture began to take a distinctive shape in the pre-Christian era. Early Ukrainian structures were make of wood. In the 9th to 10th centuries churches, fortifications and even palaces were made of wood (see Fig. 1). Pieces of timber were horizontally placed on top of another to form structures and this tradition of construction was go along even up to the 20th century (My Ukraine).

South African Breweries Essay Example for Free

randomness African Breweries EssaySAB has the leading position to produce and distribute both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. its been registered in 1895 in London and since and so with momentous profit and prevailing market position it has develop its business in home sectors as well. SAB was fully incorporated in 1970 after the unsteady of its head office from London to Johannesburg. Government put high restriction on the expansion and international business of SAB. From 1955 to the fol pitifuling seven years beer yield was the highest taxed beverage and SAB had to respond to competitors acquisition and production and distribution rationalisation. In 1960 it took over Stellenbosch Farmers Winery and obtained brewing license locally for Amstel and Carling, Black Label and Guinnes which played major turn of its expansion. Within 1979 SAB could capture about 99 per centum South African market alongside major control over Lesotho, Swaziland and Rhodesia. SAB was the fir st physical composition in the country which published a non-discriminatory employment code in 1978. The Lion Match Company merged with SAB in 1987. SAB concentrated on evolution three mega breweries in the country in 1990 and the invention of joint venture in Zambia, Mozambique and Angola followed in the following years.The connection got dominance over 98 percent of market and confront a little left expansion in local business and tried to expand globally in 2000. It made its demeanor to central Europe in 1993 with the acquisition of the largest brewery of Hungary Dreher. In the following year it established operation in Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Russia and Slovakia. SAB had spread small business with roller Black Beer one of the breweries in United States of America as well. Then 2001 it expanded its business into Central America.In 2001 SAB had production of 77m hectolitres of alcoholic and non- alcoholic beverages and predominate as the fifth largest brewer in the world covering 21 countries. In 1990 the head quarter moved back to London. In this report i would like to narrow down my focus on SABs expansion globally by acquiring the second largest brewery of America the moth miller Brewing Company and having forward-looking name as SABMiller in 2002 and it became the second largest volume in the world. Though it is facing some profit margin difficulties in North America because its competitors argon lowering down the price of beer.To keep up with the market over there SABMiller has to compromise with the margin of profit. Challenge for the Company No arguments come when SAB admits that South African market is fully dominated by them. Though it had made some tactically poor judgment while expanding in Hungary and US market. Among the challenges SAB faced were In 2001 it acquires 58 percent interest in breweries in Hunduras and El Salvador which cost them US$ 500million. Further it spent a sum of US$5. 6 bn when it acquired Miller from Altri a. To expand its business in Western Europe SAB acquired a major company in Italy named Peroni and spent US$ 270 million.In Africa SAB had to encounter problems when for low income in Malawi the industry does not appear to be set up. Again in Ghana SAB has made its entrance where there is already good contest between Guinness and Heineken. In Nigeria governments has imposed restriction on importing brewing materials as barley. So quality and consumption dropped sharply there. After the acquisition of Miller in US SABMiller faced problem within six months. SAB had to go on with the existing CEO as head of SABMiller and later on the raped him. Altria holds 23 percent shares of SABMiller.According to some experts debates SAB has spent too much for acquiring Miller. Again SABMiller is also facing difficulties to keep up in the opposition with the competitors in US market. In addition to this in America the Beer market is in downward trend as the Americans are continuously and increas ingly round to wine than beer. This has adverse impact on SABMillers profit margin. Another market dominant competitor Anheuser-Busch (AH) upgraded its profit margin to 17. 3% by training its production where Millers and Coors has (9. 3%) and (8. 9%) respectively.Then to compete with AH SABMiller and Coors went as a joint venture which has very positive impact on their business. Policy/ strategy The long term direction and scope of a company which are aimed to achieve advantage for the organisation using its configuration or resources in a challenging surrounding is set forth strategy. In other sense strategy is -The place where the business aimed to reach in time span. -The market where the business pass on compete and activities of the competitive market -The process of doing better in this competition -Required ability or resources How to get up with the external and internal environmental factors -The value and expectation of the stakeholders According to Henry Mintzberg s trategy comprises five Ps Plan, Position, Pattern, Perspective and Poly. Andrew (1998) states the term strategy in form of decision in a company which cares identifying and disclosing the target, underlying objectives and company goals. Strategy helps to create major policy and plan to achieve company objectives. The range of the business to follow for the company is also described by strategy. Micheal Porter narrates strategy is about being different or laughable.According to him within strategy an organisation purposely sets up a unique package of activities to deliver a mix of value. Paradoxes and debates around strategy The theory of strategy is an academic field which is diversified by many experts as they evince on the base of different understanding. Thus theories derived from different experts have contradiction as well. Some of the renowned experts as Whittington (2002), Mintzberg (1990, 1998), Schendel (1994) and Kuhn (1996, 1970) have described strategy with the help o f several schools. In this study i will try to focus on Mintzberg and Whittington theories.

American Registry for Internet Numbers Essay Example for Free

American Registry for Internet Numbers Essay1. American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)- Provides work involving technical coordination and worry of internet number resources. They support the internet through the management of internet number resources and coordinates the development of policies for the management of IP number resources. They also propose services for technical coordination and management of internet number resources in its respective services region. The services include IP address space allocation and ASN allocation, transfer and videotape maintenance. B. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)- Responsible for the allocation of globally unique names and numbers that are utilise in Internet protocols that are published as RFC documents and for coordinating some of the key components that keep the internet running efficiently. They allocate and maintain unique codes and numbering systems that are used in the technical standards/protocols that dri ve the internet. Among such protocols are the domain names, number resources and Protocol assignments. C. Asia-Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC)- An organization that manages the internet number resources within Asia. They provide the number resource allocation and registration services that support the global operation of the internet.2. An Ipv4 uses 32 bit IP addresses. The max number of of IPv4 addresses is about 4 billion.3.The max number of Ipv6 addresses is about 48 billion.4.The world ran out of Ipv4 addresses February 1, 2011. All networks must now allocate Ipv6 addresses.5. Ipv4 addresses are exhausted6. Ipv4 is still being used because the address pool supports the continual demands and extends its usefulness. Also because Ipv4 and Ipv6 are not compatible.7. No because you cant resell them.Sourceshttps//www.arin.net/https//www.iana.org/https//www.apnic.net/

School prefects generally enforce rules Essay Example for Free

School prefects generally enforce rules Essay1. Prefects have been part of the British direct system for decades, but many Americans had not heard of the concept until the advent of the Harry Potter books. School prefects are somewhat similar to the American sign of the zodiac supervise students who are basically an extension of the shallow administration and are utilized to enforce educate regulations. Prefects are usually chosen because of their maturity, leadership qualities and impregnable behavior, so being chosen as a prefectPrefects are student leaders typically chosen by their teachers or peers based on pedantic or moral merit. Generally found in private education institutions in Great Britain, the work prefect plays a role similar to that of a manor hall monitor or student body government representative. Being a prefect requires leadership, responsibility and dedication to the management and efficiency of school policy in realize to his fellow students. Prefec ts are assigned area-specific duties on a daily basis to make sure school standards are continuously maintained.1. Monitor Designated Areas* Prefects usually monitor one or more specific areas of the school, such as the hallways, library, common areas, lunchroom, bathrooms and assembly rooms. It is each prefects job to know when and where he is on duty at all times. But prefects are never off duty altogether, and may still administer discipline in an area they are not not assigned. In general, monitoring an area entails ensuring the students are maintaining substantially behavior, that there is no yelling, running, loitering or early(a) disorderly behavior, and that the area is kept clean and free of trash. Prefects in addition must make sure any queue lines are orderly and that movement in and out of the area is carried out in an effective and competent manner.2.Uphold School Rules and Regulations* Prefects are, above all, leaders and role models for their fellow students. As s uch, it is important that they embody, follow and uphold all school rules and regulations, including dress and behavior codes. They should treat other students with dignity and respect, attempting to solve all disciplinary matters without physical action or intimidation. Prefects should remind their fellow students of the rules without arguing or debating the topic, and should discipline everyone in the same manner, leave out personal or emotional payback. *3.Report Incidents* When a prefect cannot handle a difficult situation himself, he must report the incident according to school policy. Reportable incidents include intimidation or abuse of fellow students, damage to personal or school property, breaking school rules and situations of severe personal disrespect. Methods of report incidents include notifying a senior prefect, a teacher or other administrator, or by filling out a form which leaves the situation to be dealt with by an appropriate staff member. Students will them b e reprimanded or punished according to school policy for the specific matter. it has its irritations, is considered an honor.4.Lead by Example* One of the just about important duties of a interrogative boy is to lead by example. Each day at school, he must act in keeping with school rules and regulations, keeping in mind that other students will look to him for behavioral clues. This includes showing up to class on time, participating in school events, maintaining good grades and showing school spirit at sporting events.5.Represent the SchoolHead boys are often required to be ambassadors for their school at events around the county or even the country. At these events, which may include festivals and conferences, the head boy may speak on behalf of the student body, volunteer or man a school booth. At school parents evenings6.Organize Prefect Duties* The head boy is responsible for organizing school prefects, who are leaders from each grade level. He must plan and assign duties, h ead meetings, explain the rules and regulations and is often the first line for prefect conflicts. The head boy ensures that prefects are taking care of their supervisory responsibilities and may speak with teachers to discuss any issues.7.Participate on Committees* During the course of a school year, the head boy is responsible for serving on various committees to plan school events. He may head up committees for dances, school carnivals, newspaper activities, clubs or other organized events. He may also handle fund-raising events.8.Read Daily Bulletins* Depending on the school, the head boy may register daily announcements, whether it be over a loudspeaker system or in person at assembly.9.Resource for Students * The head boy is often the person jr. students go to when they are having problems with bullies or when they run into other trouble at school. Depending on the school, the head boy has a varying level of authority in such situations, but is always able to give advice and may organize a mediation session when necessary.

Israeli Air Force Experience In Bekaa Valley War

Israeli Air pluck Experience In Bekaa v aloneey war1. The whole world argues whether the grappleing between Israel, PLO and Syrians during Beckaa Valley war should be frontn as WAR or just one more tragic surge in violence in the decades-long struggle between Israel and the Palestinians/Arabs. However, the war fought by the three parties has a great impact on a plentitude of aspects such as technology, strategy and the remains used to conduct the war. This paper studies the war in term of lessons learnt in modern radiate battle with primaeval focus on Electronic Warfare (EW), word forms of changes in Israelis tactic and capabilities and implication of the war on todays modern air battle in term of training, searching, surprise, overshadow control and communication (C3) and electronic combat. This also will help readers to have better and in-depth understanding on how Electronic warfare can be utilize effectively and the importance of certain strategy assets for a ter ra firma to defend its self in coming(prenominal) war or mesh. RMAF air armament pressure philosophy defined the role of RMAF during war. Roles played by the Israelis Air Force (IAF) during Beckka Valley war will enable readers to have better understanding of RMAF roles during war.AIM2. This luff of the paper is to moot Israeli Air Force experience in Bekaa Valley war in term of application of modern air cause and its relevant lessons to Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF). In doing so, this paper pays particular attention to employment of Electronic Warfare (EW) during the war and its relations to roles of RMAF. flat coat4. On 6 June 1982, Israel defense Force invaded Lebanon in a campaign which, would run short the most controversial military action in Israels history. Operation calmness for Galilee or know as Beckaa Valley War was gear uped to meet five Israelis landal strategy goals1a. Eliminate the PLO terror to Israels northern border.b. Destroy the PLO infrastructu re in Lebanon.c. Remove Syrian military presence in the Bekaa Valley.d. Create a stable Lebanese authorities.5. The Israelis population consists of Jewish who practice the religion of Judaism while the Arabs on the other hand practice Islam as their religions. According to their bible (Tanakh) the Jewish were told that they will chastise their enemies and put on control of this land no matter who is the enemy. In Koran the Islamic bible the Arabs also was promised the same land. In 1948, when the Jews formed the State of Israel, the conflict between Arabs and Israelis started and they have fought continuously through divulge history2.6. Lebanon a country comprises of two major religion groups Catholic and Muslims. It was part of Syria before the French separate it 1861. The Catholic wanted a pro western government however the Muslim wanted a government based on Islam. In 1926 the Lebanese leaders came to a power sharing agreement that the electric chair should be a Catholic whil e the Prime Minister a Sunni3.7. People Liberation Organization (PLO) was established in Jerusalem in 1964, with of import Objective to destroy the Israel and gain complete control of Palestine. In Lebanon, the PLO created State within a state gained the support of Muslim population and declared the constitutions of power sharing agreement as obsolete. They collected their own taxes, funded its own school and organized a military that able to challenge Israelis northern border4.8. The study of Bekaa Valley war must(prenominal) understand why the Israelis invaded. One of the main reasons for the Invasion was, PLO shelling of northern Israel from the end of 1973 till 1982. During this period PLO manages to launch 1,548 uprise advancements and killing almost 103 people. Usually, the Israelis responded with air raid, border raid and snack counter shelling as preventive measures. In 1978, Israelis started to lose patient on PLO as a result of failures of their preventive measure. M arch 1978, Israelis launched Operation Litani with purpose of driving the PLO north of Litani River in Lebanon and create a 25 KM soften zone. The purpose of this buffer zone was the have an area of free PLO so that they could non launch any rocket outrage5.9. United Nation manages to pressure and forced the Israel to recess and replaced by its own force. The aim of UN was to maintain peace within the buffer zone and reestablishes the Lebanese government. However, the peace did non last long when the PLO starting to take control and began to continue their attacks on northern Israel borders. On 3rd June 1982, Shlomo Argov Israelis ambassador to the United Kingdom was shot by terrorist. The Israelis who needed a reason infernal the PLO and at 1100 on 6 Jun 1982 the Israelis defense force launched operation Peace for Galilee6.RESEARCH QUESTION10. The following question is examined while doing this papera. What are the blusher factors to supremacy of Israelis Air Force (IAF)?b. What type off assets employed by the IAF to compass success?c. What strategy used to cripple the PLO and Syrian by IAF? literature REVIEWINVASION PLANS11. Israel Defense Force (IDF) intentionning for an invasion of Lebanon began in 1978. The lessons learned from the operation Litani formed the basis of the Pine Tree intend. The invasion plan comprised of three alternative plans. The first plan called for an invasion 40 kilometers into Lebanon. Its purpose was to destroy the PLO in the south and their ability to terrorize northern Israeli settlements7.12. The game plan was a more ambitious version of the first. The IDF would advance as far north as the vicinity of Beirut. The advantage of this plan was that it would include the PLO training and operational base at Damour, some 12 kilometers south of Beirut8.13. The third and most ambitious plan, called Big Pines, included war against both the PLO and the Syrians. This plan called for the seizing of Lebanese territory including B eirut. Civilian leadership generally upgrade the first plan. However, Defense Minister Sharon and some high-ranking military leaders favored the larger war of the third plan. The plan that was officially approved remains in question9.COMBAT CAPABILITY14. Apart from planning the invasion the Israelis also started developing their assets as preparation for the invasion. Even though, Israelis dependent heavily on American technology. However, they manage to develop their own technology. The table bellows show the increment of IAF assets from 1973 to 1982 (source the military balance 1973 and 1982).Manpower19731982Reqular15,00030,000Reserve20,00037,000Equipment19731982Combat aircraft488634F-4E Phantom95138Mirrage III3524A-4 Skyhawk160174F-1540F-1674Kfir160surface-to-air missile10 Hawk bty15 Hawk btyTable 1 Israelis rapid development of assets from 1973 to 1982RMAF ROLES15. Air Power is defined as the ability to project military force in air or from flatform or missiles operating above the surface nation RMAF primary mission is to defend the sovereignty and integrity of the nation and its interests through the proper and effective use of aerospace power. In order to carry out this mission RMAF define its roles in air power doctrine so that employment of assets and manpower can be utilize to the fullest in war10.16. RMAF air strategies fall essentially into four broad roles11a. Counter Air role.b. Force Application role.c. Force Enhancement role.d. Force Sustenance role.17. Tables bellow defined the roles in details12ROLESOPERATIONSMISSIONSTASKSCOUNTER parentageOCAAirfield set onTo attack Aircraft on ground, Ammo and Fuel dump, C4I, Airfield facilities.Fighter SweepSeek and destroy airborne aircraft,SEADDestroy, neutralise, and degrade Radars and early warning systems, surface-to-air missiles, AAA.DCAGAIIntercept, Identify, Shadow, Intervene and/or Force down, or Engage enemy aircraft.CAPEscortsProtect FGA aircraft or HVAA.Table 2 Examples of Counter Air roles and its operations and missionsROLESOPERATIONSMISSIONSTASKSFORCE coveringSTRATEGIC ATTACKTo destroy, neutralise, degrade or disruptCOG and Vital points.Destroy, neutralise and degrade HQ, key industries, and fielded forces and infrastructures.INTERDICTIONTo destroy, neutralise, degrade, disrupt or delay LOC, War sustaining and military potential beyond the battlefield.Destroy, degrade, delay supply depot, HQ.OFFENSIVE transport attendant (OAS)BAIDestroy, neutralise or delay land forces, LOC, war machines, bridges.CASMARITIME AIR OPERATIONS (MAO)ASuWDetect, identify, neutralise, destroy, ships, mine laying,ASWDetect, locate, track, submarine, mine laying.ARMED RECCEOpportunity targets within the battlefield.Locating and contend personnel, material and facilities.Table 3 Examples of Force application roles and its operations and missionsROLESOPERATIONSMISSIONSTASKSFORCE sweeteningAIRLIFTScheduled services.Movement of personnel and supplies.Airborne operations.Airdrop of personnel or cargo.Air logistic support.Distribute or reform personnel and materiel.Special air operations.Insertion and extraction of special forces, leaflet drop, voice broadcast.Aero-medical evacuation.MEDEVAC, CASEVAC, BODEVAC.AIR-TO-AIR REFUELLING (AAR)Towline AAR missions. raise air-to-air refuelling.Trail AAR missions.AEW C primeval warning and Surveillance.Provide information on enemy activity provide air picture to AD forces C2, maritime surv.Control of air operationsControl, admonisher and direct OCA missions, manage AAR assets, align rescue, assist in navigation.Weapons control.Control fighters, fortify heli and GBAD.ELECTRONIC WARFARE (EW)ESMSearch, intercept, identify and locate EM emissions.electronic countermeasuresElectronic jamming, neutralisation or magic of en C2, EM capabilities, acquisition and targeting and combat capabilities, launching active decoys like chaff and flares.EPMSpoofing, inserting erroneous information.ISR OPERATIONS strategical recce.Strategic warn ing, provide info for RD and branch systems acquisition.Operational recce.Weather and geographical recce, defining vulnerable and vital enemy elements.Tactical recce.BDA, combat assessment, tactical threat warning, target imagery.SPECIAL FORCE OPERATIONSUnconventional warfare, direct action, Combating terrorism, special recce, Civil affairs, PSYOPS, Information operations, Counter proliferationCollect intelligence, sabotage, espionage, rescue, target laser designation, path-finding.Table 4 Examples of Force Enhancement roles and its operations and missionsROLESOPERATIONSMISSIONSTASKSFORCE SUSTENANCEBASE DEFENCE OPSBase active air defenceDefend from air attack (SHORAD, AAA).Base passive air defenceCCD, dispersion, air raid warning, reconstitution, recuperation.Base securityAnti sabotage, espionage, insertion, infiltration.BASE SUPPORT OPSTrainingReceive, Induct, Special skills.OperationsProvide ATC, airfield, rescue, fire fighting, wx and C4I services.MaterialSupply, RD, clothing, re fuelling, ammunition transportation, rations.MaintenanceServicing, repair, testing, salvage, refurbish, manufacture.AdministrationOrganising, Planning, Finance, Religious and Medical services, Welfare Discipline, Law and order and Accommodation.LOGISTICS OPERATIONSMaterialAcquisition, Movement, Distribution, Storage, Maintenance, Disposition.PersonnelMovement, Evacuation, Medical care.FacilitiesAcquisition, Construction, Maintenance, Disposition, Operation. functionAcquisition or Furnishing.CSARSearch, Locate and Rescue.Downed Aircrew or Distressed personnel.Table 4 Examples of Force Sustenance roles and its operations and missionsDISCUSSIONTRAINING18. The lesson learnt from the previous conflict prompt the Israelis to have better preparation for the invasion during the Beckaa Valley War. One of their main preparations was training. The main objective of the training was to get the personnel to know in dept of whats going to happen during the actual invasion. Massive training conduc ted at the borders involving numerous personnel and assets. Advancement in technology is key assets to IAF. However, in order to achieve success the IAF personnel need to understand and have experience in handling this equipment.19. The IAF conducted extensive northern border training exercise which acted as narration for incoming invasion. The exercise was conducted for the period of 13 months which include rehearsal of sorties against simulated SAM-6 target at northern desert. This countless rehearsals eliminate many problems that the planners did not see when drafting the invasion plan. This rehearsal also intended to create planed desensitization of the PLO and Syrians. Fearing the invasion is on the way the PLO and the Syrians reacted to first few training exercises. However due(p) to the tonic fatigue the PLO and Syrians ignored the following training exercises including the actual invasion.INTELLIGENT20. Electronic Warfare (EW) involves action to control electromagnetic sp ectrum or directed push button this action will impede the enemy potential or ability use the electromagnetic spectrum. Electronic signal Intelligent (ELINT) is a way to gathering intelligent by use of electronic sensor. Signal identification is carried out by analyzing the collected parameters of specific signal to know its criteria, this data usually passing classified and protected. The gathered data usually pertinent to the enemy defense network especially the electronic part such as radar and surface-to-air missiles system.21. As preparation for the invasion the IAF remotely piloted vehicles (RPV) overflew the area where the Syrians position their SAMs. These RPVs collected the intelligence which later used to develop the attack plan. The IAF use two assets in achieve the ELINT mission. The Mastiffs contained gyro stabilized television and high resolution camera which proven its effectiveness in photo reconnaissance. The Scouts is configured to carryout ELINT mission, picke d up the radar emissions which enable the fingerprinting of the Syrians SAM radar. Both this assets able to deliver the information picked up directly to airborne or ground command mail service for immediate analysis.22. Information gathered by the RPVs proven its effectiveness when the IAF manage to carry out their Suppression of Enemy Air Dense (SEAD) operation accurately and effectively.SURPRISE23. Surprise depends on the initiative and is made more attainable by the versatility of the aerospace power. Where, when or how the enemy is struck is relatively independent of where and how and air force are postured Surprise is air power strongest advantage (air Power doctrine).24. During Beckaa Valley war the IAF was able to achieve real surprise in the invasion because of Palestinians alert fatigue or cry wolf syndrome. The planed desensitization of PLO and Syrians worked when the IAF actually invaded Lebanon their ninth exercise and found that no real resistance from the PLO and Syr ians. The PLO assume that, they had developed a deterrent to an Israelis invasion and the Syrians assumed that an attack to their SAM side is too risky for the IAF based on high losses that IAF suffered in previous conflict. guardianship element of surprise in hand, along with good plan and precise intelligent IAF achieved success in Beckaa Valley war.COMMAND, CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION (C3)25. C3 technology encompasses the capability to acquire, process and disseminate information across the force. The capability must be reliable, provide secure multilevel gate, and be protected from enemy attacks. This will train advances not only in computing hardware and software but in the interconnecting fabric of communications.An important point to realize is that C3 is a humankind function. The method by which command and control is carried out is the C3 system, which serves to augment the cognitive functions of the individual engaged in command and control. A complex C3 system is an int egrated combine of people, procedures, and hardware used to enhance the ability of the individual performing command and control.26. IAF commanders proved that effective C3 is an important ingredient to successfully integrate combined armed effort. The IAF projected the role of C3 as the nervous system and the tactical commanders act as the brain. Two main assets that participate in C3 efforts was Israelis version of Boeing 707 and E-2C Hawkeyes. The Boeing 707 serves primarily as an electronic support measure (ESM) and electronic counter measure (ECM). ESM involves gathering of information while ECM involve in jamming and deception of enemy communication. The E-2C served as airborne command post, on this aircraft the tactical commanders was able to process real time intelligent, develop true picture of the tactical situation, coordinate its offensive assets with the proper timing, monitor the attack live and assess the effectiveness of the attack.SUPPRESSION OF ENEMY AIR DEFENSE27 . Once the training rehearsal completed, adapted intelligent was gathered and setup of effective C3 is done the IAF went into action. To make a way for easy air battle its important to IAF to launch SEAD operation which is shared into 3 phases.28. The first phase involve deception which stimulate the Syrians radar into action. The IAF launch RPVs over the target to re-verify the location of the SAM sides and their radar frequencies. The slow promote of the RPVs did not generate interest of the Syrians who thought another training rehearsal is ongoing. Combined with the ground forces the IAF launches Samsons and Delilahs decoys which received attention of Syrians because of the size and speed of this decoys similar to attacking aircraft when viewed on radar screen. IAF also launches these decoys in the direction of the sun to degrade Syrians optical guidance system which leaves them to relay on their radar. The Syrians took the bait as the launch their missiles towards the incomin g decoys and increase their vulnerabilities to anti radiation syndrome missiles (ARM). The Boeing 707 sensor confirms the Syrians radar was fully activated and when they were on first reloads cycle the second phase was launched.29. The second phase involved a lot of activities into effective get toment and suppression operation. The Boeing 707 now uses its ECM capability start jamming the Syrians radar. The jamming activites is not only carried out by the Boeing 707 it also involves ground based jammers and airborne jammers located on attach helicopters. Artillery fire with the aim of the targets adjusted by image from the RPVs started to harass the SAM operators. The SAM site also bombarded with 105mm Howitzer cannon and the same time the IAF launches chaff dispensing rockets to emphasis the jamming technique. With radar screen blinded and the operators molest by the artillery fire, the IAF went into action. The F-4E launches Shrike and standard ARM missiles which homed in on th e radar antenna. Once the attack was completed the tactical commanders was able to influence the remaining SAM that need to be destroyed.30. The final phase of the SEAD operation concentrated on destroying the remaining Syrians SAM. E-2C Hawkeyes now vectored the IAF F-16s, A-4 and Kfir through undefended area to carry out attack on surviving radar vans and SA-6 missiles launchers. The IAF use multiple ammunition in this attack such standoff ammunitions, cluster bombs and general purpose bombs. The Syrians tried to fight back with launching the remaining missile, but due to the jamming effect their missiles lack of target acquisitions and target tracking the was ineffective towards IAF high maneuverable aircraft.THE AIR BATTLE.31. The Israelis again utilize RPVs, Boeing 707 and E-2C Hawkeyes for the air battle. When the Syrians MiGs takes off from their air field the Israelis commander was able to watch live image feed through the RPVs loitering over chief Syrian airfield. The E-2C Hawkeyes also was able to watch the MiGs takeoff using APS-125 radar which able to detect and track target up to 250 miles and ALR-59 passive detection system able to detect and classify target up to 500 miles. Using this advance technology the controller on board of the E-2C Hawkeyes vectored IAF F-15s and F-16s fighter to intercept the Syrian MiGs. The Syrians used Russian fighter tactic which highly dependent on ground controlled intercept (GCI). However, when the Syrians radar and communication line was jammed they were literally become sitting duck for IAF F-15s and F-16 fighter.LESSON LEARNEDCOUNTER AIRx. Counter air defined as the use of air power to deter, contain or defeat the enemy air forces. It assures the friendly use of the environment while denying its use to an enemy. Counter air roles can be carve up into the following roles.x. Offensive counter air (OCA) To destroy, disrupts or confines enemy air power at their source and prevents them from conducting their own counter air campaign.x. Defensive counter air (DCA) rent interceptors, escorts, armed helicopters or GBAD against enemy forces threatening to engage own forces or facilities or infiltrate our airspace.X. During the Beckaa Valley war the Israelis demonstrated how to apply counter air role in war. They showed how OCA able to achieve air superiority and open a getaway for DCA operation where they carried out the SEAD operation.FORCE APPLICATIONx. arm Reconnaissance is part of operation that carried out for force application roles. Mission is designed to for the purpose of locating and attacking targets of probability. It is a form of interdiction against opportunity targets in a designated area or along lines of communication within the battlefield. Control of the electronic spectrum showed how an integrated plan using RPVs, decoys, chaff and anti radiation missiles (ARM) can be used to terrorize the enemy. The ability to control electronic spectrum also will tremendously reduce the losses of friendly aircraft.FORCE ENHANCEMENTIt multiplies the combat effectiveness of air and surface forces and increases the ability of these forces in non-combatant roles. The main operations applied at Beckaa Valley are Airborne Early ensample Command (AEWC) which employed using Boeing 707 and E-2C Hawkeye aircraft. Intelligent, surveillance and recce used the RPVs to carry out the mission. Employment of EW using various method, technique and equipment determine the success of IAFThe Israelis demonstrated how the proper combination of air and land operation can cause devastating defeat of the enemy. Land based support through jammers, artillery, rocket, and missiles not only contribute but the cause huge damage to Syrian e SAMs. This action shows how important for the nation armed forces to concentrated all the weapon system available to achieve one goal.x. Israelis manage all the assets available to them through effective use of 3C they demonstrated in any war the access or defense of C3 can make huge difference to determine the success of the mission. Having access to real-time intelligent benefited the Israelis to have better situational awareness and denial the Syrians of C3 create confusion within the Syrian forces and this is become the key for Israelis success at Beckaa Valley.x. Capability of having advance technology compare to your enemy will determine the success of any war. During Beckaa Valley the Israelis is well equipped with advance technology from the Americans. Even tough, the Syrians are equipped with the Russian technology but it is well known that the Russian was never fully transferred their full capability or technology to any country. The F-15 and F-16 is way much superior fighter compare to their adversary the Migs 21 and 23. Losing the C3 causing the MiGs lost direction and become practice target for the Israelis fighter.CONCLUSIONIt is easier and more effective to destroy the enemys aerial power by destroying his nests and e ggs on the ground than to hunt for his flying birds in the air. Gen Giulio Douhetx. The Beckaa Valley war is an operation launched to achieve the Israelis national goal. To achieve this goals the Israelis demonstrated how a proper training, outstanding C3, intelligent gathering, control of electromagnetic spectrum and advance technology able determine the success of a war.RECOMMENDATIONTRAININGx. As proven during Beckaa Valley war a proper training will determine the success of the war. RMAF has to plan the training according to the future needs especially paying particular attention into the electronic warfare. EW had to be implied to all officers and others ranks starting from the basic training, EW should be included in training syllabus of recruits and cadet officers.x. Theory training must continue with practical training so that when the actual conflicts take place the personnel knows what to do. Currently RMAF are conducting EW training at Pusat Latihan Peperangan Khas (PLPE) . However, the training which divided into basic and advance training lack of practical training. Lack off assets is a factor contributing factor for lack of practical training. RMAF had to revise the procural plan so that it will include more EW assets and proper training can be carried out utilizing these equipments.ELECTRONIC WAR FARE SUPPORT CENTER (EWSC)x. EWSC was set up in 1995 to support the HAWK fleet EW operation. However the operations have not achieved its goal due to short equipment. The F-18D has the capability of airborne self protection jammer but this equipment is only operating within the F-18 fleet. The latest procurement of sophisticated fighter the Su-30MKM incorporates the advance EW system again this system is operating within the Sus. RMAF will not achieve success on EW if the current trend of buying is not changed. each proposal of new EW system need to be studied thoroughly by EWSC and ensure the procurement can be integrated to all RMAF platformsx. EWSC must play more critical role during peace time. Analysis of data captured is critical for usage during conflict. Proper equipment has to be procured to support more advance function of EWCS. Interoperability between aircraft needs to be improved and RMAF had to make a clear requirement for the future needs so that it will tally by the way the war in future will be fought.ASSETSx. When we talk about assets for future conflict before we make any recommendation lets look of what our neighbors haveCountry (Singapore) EW equipmentCapabilityGround SIGINT OperationCapable of comprehensively and systematically monitor communication out to 2,000 KM somewhat the IslandAirborne SIGINT Operation2 x C-130 equipped with Israelis technology to carry out SIGINT, COMINT, ELINT mission6 x Fokker-50 Maritime iceman Mark-2 maritime patrol aircraft equipped with modern SIGINT systemAble to carry out EW mission from Australia, Andaman sea, west coast of Malaysia, Thailand and Myanmar.Unmanned windy Vehicle (UAV)40 X Searcher Mark IIIsraelis made Scout UAVAble to carry out task/mission that risk to human pilot, slow speed and low penetration will avoid radar detection and carry out SIGINT, ELINT and COMINT mission.Airborne Early type4 X E-2C HawkeyesBetter coverage compare to ground radar and able to become airborne command post.Table 2 Singapore EW capability.x. Based on the table above can we determine where do we stand in term of EW? Are we able to defend our nation if we are under attack? These are some of the question that will hunt RMAF if we do happen to have conflict with our neighbors. Current RMAF assets are not capable of conducting EW campaign, even though we do have some EW elements on HAWK, F-18s and Su-30MKM but the usage is very limited. We recommend that RMAF to look into the future procurement list and start listing the following EW assets if we want to achieve success on EW conflictx. UAVx. Airborne Early archetype Command System.x. Ground base or airborne based jammer system.X Protection of our communication line through Frequency hopping systems