Culture Essay -- Sociology, Hofstede

Hofstede (1997) defined culture as the collective programming of the intelligence that distinguishes the members of one group or category of large number from others (p. 6). He referred to genial programming in order to explain patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. Cultural manifestation is identify as symbols, heroes, rituals, and values as a learned programming that is mutualist on a social environment. Values represented the deepest manifestations of culture and argon considered cultures building blocks (Hofstede, 1980).One well-known paradigm Hofstede introduced is called ethnical dimensions that include four independent cultural dimensions power distance, individualism/collectivism, maleness/femininity, and uncertainty avoidance. After further seek, he developed the fifth dimension known as long-term/short-term orientation (Hofstede, 2001). The following section will discuss five of the dimensions to identify the cultural differences amidst the fall in States, India , and Thailand. Power DistanceThe power distance index is the extent to which the little powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally (Itim International, 2009). It is a key structure endorsed by the societies followers and leaders in areas such as social status, wealth, and sources of power. A high power distance society embraces people with power. Powerful people are expected to have privileges, openly constitute their status and wealth, and are perceived to be good. On the other hand, a low power distance society embraces uniformity and minimizes inequalities. Those who hold more than power in these societies attempt to look less powerful than they are (Albers-Miller & Gelb, 1996). Hofstede... ...tinuous, ANOVA is the most appropriate method of analysis. Research Question The research question proposed there would be differences in levels of organizational dissent between India, Thailand, and the U.S. The ANOVA r evealed significant differences in levels of dissent between the three groups. The heart and standard deviations are displayed in Table 2. Overall, Americans are the most apt(predicate) to express articulated dissent, with Thais being the less least likely F(4, 1446) = 5.10, 2 = .01, p DiscussionThe results revealed significant differences between Americans, Indians and Thais regarding the expression of dissent.