Marketing Questionaire Essay Example

Marketing Questionaire Essay Most people think that marketing is only about the advertising and/or personal selling of goods and services. Advertising and selling, however, are just two of the many marketing activities. In general, marketing activities are all those associated with identifying the particular wants and needs of a target market of customers, and then going about satisfying those customers better than the competitors. This involves doing market research on customers, analyzing their needs, and then making strategic decisions about product design, pricing, promotion and distribution. As a result, a business needs to discover: * What to make and sell We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Questionaire specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Questionaire specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Questionaire specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer * How many to make and sell * Who to sell to * How to encourage these people to buy * How much to charge for what is sold Market planning also takes place to help the marketing department to achieve its goals and objectives. Using a SWOT analysis, the existing position can be analysed by looking at: * S the businesss present strengths * W and weaknesses * O its market opportunities * T and the external threats it faces Market Segmentation is important to a business as the business needs to know which of the different segments it is going to concentrate on and helps the marketing department to understand its market. It allows the business to target: * The product in each segment by establishing is USP (Unique Selling Point), the feature that distinguishes this products from other * Its advertising and other forms of promotions in the segment. The main things the business will think about when considering target market are: * Age (when considering location, products sold etc.) * Sex (this can affect some drinks etc.) * Ethnicity (people from different backgrounds may have different wants and needs) * Population (size and distribution varies) * Lifestyle (e.g. Sports and exercise goods etc.) * Income and Social Class (price of products, high class may be willing to pay more than others) Sources Used : Letts GCSE Success Visual Revision Guide Task 3 Questionnaire 1. How Old Are You? 0-13 years 14-16 years 17-21 years 22-35 years 36+ years 2. Are You? Male Female 3. What Is Your Ethnic Origin? White Mixed Asian or Asian British Chinese Other 4. Where Are You More Likely To Hear About Our Business? Leaflets Billboards Television Radio Newspapers/Magazines Word Of Mouth Other (please state) 5. What Theme Would You Prefer Our Coffee Shop To Be? Retro (bright colours) Retro (black ; white theme) Modern Other (please state) 6. For What Purpose Would You Use Our Coffee Shop? Social or Family Coffee, Tea and Refreshments Light Snacks Meals (breakfast/lunch etc.) Private Parties Business Meetings Quiet Place To Be On Your Own 7. What Other Services Would You Like To See Available? Self Catering Jukebox Television/Games Internet Club and Function Room Other (please state) 8. Would You Prefer A Fun and Lively Atmosphere, Or A More Quiet And Relaxed One? Fun and Lively Quiet and Relaxed Do Not Mind 9. What Type Of Food Would You Like To Be Served At The Coffee Shop? Healthy Fruit, Yoghurt Cakes, Snacks and Sandwiches Family Food i.e. Pizza, Chips etc. Other (please state) 10. What Type Of Drinks Would You Like To See On The Menu? Coffee, Tea ; Hot Chocolate Fresh Juices Fresh Smoothies Fizzy Drinks Other (please state) 11. How Much Money Would You Be Prepared To Pay At Our Coffee Shop (per visitor)? 5.00 or less 5.00-10.00 10.00-15.00 15.00-20.00 20.00 or more 12. Would You Be Willing To Pay More For Better Quality or A Wider Range Of Food ; Drink? Yes No Depends 13. Where Would You Like The Coffee Shop To Be Located? Town Centre The Edge Of Town Other (please state) 14. At What Time Would You Be More Likely To Visit The Coffee Shop?

Free Essays on Astronmers Wife

In the Astronomer’s Wife by Kay Bole, Katherine has no hope because she feels that all men are like her husband. The story is about a house wife who has a very bad relationship with her husband and she seeks for someone to understand and respect her. Mrs. Ames has forgotten any strength and beauty that she has because of the way her husband treats her with such emotional neglect. But then she regains her confidence when she realizes that not all men are dreamers. The story opens with â€Å"There is an evil moment on awaking when all things seem to pause. But for women, they only falter and may be set in action by a single move: a lifted hand and the pendulum will swing, or the voice raised and through every room the pulse takes up its beating†. The author describes the time of awaking as the most evil because you just don’t think about what you have to do. But for women it is different. The astronomer’s wife is a woman of action. She thinks about all the things she needs to get done around the house. For her time is too valuable she cannot waste it. She has to fill time â€Å"to the brim.† Katherine, the astronomer’s wife is much like the pendulum; she is reliable, consistent just following the same path. On the top of page 58 the word hail seems to stand out. â€Å"Katherine hailed the morning with her bare arms’ quivering flesh drawn taut in rhythmic exercise†. She seems very happy maybe because she will occupy her time up and not have to be with her husband. She also does some sort of exercise this possibly refers to how she likes to go fast paced and get things done in her days. The story simply started out by saying how each day is the same as all the others. Katherine sees to all matters of running a successful household. That is why the astronomer believes that Katherine is capable to some degree because he leaves her to be liable to everything. The astronomer seems too occupied with his work to bother his wife, or m... Free Essays on Astronmers Wife Free Essays on Astronmers Wife In the Astronomer’s Wife by Kay Bole, Katherine has no hope because she feels that all men are like her husband. The story is about a house wife who has a very bad relationship with her husband and she seeks for someone to understand and respect her. Mrs. Ames has forgotten any strength and beauty that she has because of the way her husband treats her with such emotional neglect. But then she regains her confidence when she realizes that not all men are dreamers. The story opens with â€Å"There is an evil moment on awaking when all things seem to pause. But for women, they only falter and may be set in action by a single move: a lifted hand and the pendulum will swing, or the voice raised and through every room the pulse takes up its beating†. The author describes the time of awaking as the most evil because you just don’t think about what you have to do. But for women it is different. The astronomer’s wife is a woman of action. She thinks about all the things she needs to get done around the house. For her time is too valuable she cannot waste it. She has to fill time â€Å"to the brim.† Katherine, the astronomer’s wife is much like the pendulum; she is reliable, consistent just following the same path. On the top of page 58 the word hail seems to stand out. â€Å"Katherine hailed the morning with her bare arms’ quivering flesh drawn taut in rhythmic exercise†. She seems very happy maybe because she will occupy her time up and not have to be with her husband. She also does some sort of exercise this possibly refers to how she likes to go fast paced and get things done in her days. The story simply started out by saying how each day is the same as all the others. Katherine sees to all matters of running a successful household. That is why the astronomer believes that Katherine is capable to some degree because he leaves her to be liable to everything. The astronomer seems too occupied with his work to bother his wife, or m...

Children education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Children education - Essay Example In terms of the findings by Bottini & Grossman (2005) all factors have implications to my teaching. Students in the traditional classroom were expected to sit and listen to the teacher and then work independently with little if any time allowed for interaction; whereas students in the center-based classroom (centers focused on science, art, mathematics, reading, writing and computers) were able to explore and experiment to create their own learning and knowledge with the teacher guiding and helping them. The inclusion of subjects such as art, music and physical education were provided within specific allotted times in the traditional class but in the center-based classroom such subjects were provided at random and more often, thus creating a more conducive environment for learning. The teacher within the traditional classroom wasted a lot of time reprimanding students on their bad behavior – bad behavior caused by having to sit for long periods of time with no interaction with peers or teacher, and the fact that some students finished a task more quickly than others and so had time to waste while those taking longer became agitated and disturbed.

Sleep apnea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sleep apnea - Essay Example However, the patient also has witnessed apneas as the wife stated and the combination of these two factors is more sensitive in placing this diagnosis. Furthermore, the snoring is distinct loud and can even be heard from downstairs. For the patient I would recommend measurement of his neck circumference and conduct an overnight sleep study or a polysomnography. Sleep apnea has several associated risks and these should be explained to the patient. Firstly, the patient has already began to develop one of the complications which is hypertension. This can be attributed to the depletion of oxygen level in the blood which has a significant toll on the cardiovascular system. The patient also must have an abdominal ultrasound to assess the status of his liver as scarring is a common complication of the disorder. The patient’s family is also at risk of suffering sleep deprivation due to the loud snoring by the patient which can also affect their daily routine. the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults.  Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine,  5(3),

LOGISTICS & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LOGISTICS & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 3 - Essay Example Thus managers can consider the inventory management problem to be a part of operations scheduling problem. Conventionally managers take a narrower view of the delivery. The timing of activities may have a direct impact on resources and the level of service (Naylor, 2002). The purpose of capacity management is the planning task, and the modification of capacity is the key problem area in system control. Capacity decisions will have a direct impact on system performance and on both resource utilization and customer service. It is important to note that organizations cannot operate without good capacity management. For instance, excess capacity gives rise to low resource productivity, while inadequate capacity means poor customer service. Decisions made in other areas have a direct impact the other area. Inventory management is aimed to plan and facilitate the provision of effective customer service. For instance, organizations cannot exist without stocks of raw materials, work in progress or, where appropriate, output goods. The planning of inventory levels, the control of inventories and the maintenance of such stocks are crucial for production and successful performance.

Case Study Of Mobilink Management Essay

Case Study Of Mobilink Management Essay The running title of the study is primarily outlined as Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance and the Organisation A Case Study of MOBILINK. In depth, the research will focus on how training and development affects the performance of both employee and the Organisation. Employees are progressively stipulating change, preferences, flexibility, and variety in their work; suggesting that with the de-layering of organizations and  empowerment  of individual employees, the future for both the organization and the individual employee depends not in the promotion to the successively higher levels, but rather in developing the value of the individual as human capital (Seidler, 1996). The value of human capital is improved by achievement of higher performance potential such as new tasks, functions, and KSAPs (knowledge, skills, abilities, personal attributes) (McGregor, 1988). The paper discusses in detail the research proposal of the topic. Training and Development (TD) basically deals with the acquisition of understanding, knowledge, techniques and practice. In this research proposal, the background and problem of the study are presented; the objectives of the study are originated. Here, crucial concepts, questions, theory and assumption are stated. Finally, the methodology to be used is defined. Research Problem: The key problem that will be discussed in this study is how TD affects the performance of both employees and the Organisation. The following research problems will be discussed in the course of the study. Discussion of the Employee Training and Development in MOBILINK. i.e. in what specific ways does TD improve the performance of the staff and organisation. Discussion about other supportive elements or approaches that enhance the Training and development requirements according to the globalisation. Conclude the effects as much as the benefits that the employee can get and the positive return for the business in carrying out of training and development. Furthermore, following will be the sub questions of the problem; To evaluate need and importance of Training and Development in the organization. To evaluate how Training and Development works, functions and processes in MONILINK. To investigate the new methods and techniques in Training and Development and their exploitation in the commercial sector. To gain more information about the business of Telecom sector at a large level corporation spanning multiple geographical locations in multiple countries. To become good introduction of my university in the commercial sector and open up doors for career in the T D field in the long term in the future. I will use the case study method that will permit my study to observe, evaluate and formulate its own analysis concerning to the subject of training and development. Purpose of the Study: The purpose of the study is to simply establish the sound answer on the effects of the training and development on employees and the organisation. The research particularly looks at the employee training and development pattern within the  Organisation and their positive return to the business. Moreover, the study offer discussions made by other authors concerning with the employee training and development. The study believes that training has a big relationship on the level of understanding, knowledge, and skill of an employee. In other way, the training also creates a big advantage for the organization in their incorporation that can be admitted as part of the organizational system. In addition, the training can comes in different forms and should not be stick in one training strategy or techniques for there are many reasons that might trigger to its development. Objectives of the Study: The key objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of Training and Development at MOBILINK. In the literature of employee training and development, human resource is the utmost source of the development of a business. In the same way, it is essential to study the current practices in the company training and development that are meant to contribute to the improvement of the employees skills and organisational performance.   To deal with this objective, I will conduct a survey on the new employees views of their training under Mobilink. Moreover, the survey intended to find out if new employees were satisfied with their jobs in their first month in the company. In addition, management personnel will be interviewed to evaluate their views on constructive employee training and development patterns and on employee retention and attrition. Literature Review: Training and development is essential to organizations which seek to gain a competitive advantage through a highly skilled and flexible workforce, and are seen as a major element to high productivity and quality performance. A skilled workforce can increase productivity by producing a higher level of work with greater value. The organisations seek to ensure the availability of reliable workforce to aid in the realisation of its strategic business plan. To achieve this goal, the company should train and development career (Wilson, 2005). It is worth noting that different companies have different approaches to their business. Further, education seems to be the same for the students of the same profession. This has the indication that the ultimate skills and experience enjoyed by the employee reflects their training in a particular organisation (Wilson 2005,p.102).Employee engagement practices are instrumental in promoting employee commitment to the mission and objectives of an organisa tion. According to the principles of effective human resource management, training and Development of employees is one of the reliable tools of ensuring their satisfaction at the workplace (Bureau of Labour Statistics, 2009). This is due to the fact that training eliminates the demoralisation aspects brought by failure to efficiently realise ones expectations at the workplace. In addition, training gives employees an opportunity to achieve their professional career goals while earning a living. All these are important are important in meeting the social and economic responsibilities of both the individual and the organisation.Training and career development serves the important role of strengthening the reputation of an organisation. Reputation remains the best marketing tool for the products and services of any business. On the other side, the reputation of a company is defined by the effectiveness and reliability of its services to the customers (Aidele 2009, p.76). This means tha t an organisation should have in place a strong workforce to meet its market demands. This calls for engaging in employee training and career development since such is vital tools in promoting innovative solving of problems. Still, providing training and development gives the organisation the competitive advantage of identifying the best talent for its workforce as it eliminates certification qualifications to engage in seeking actual capabilities of its employees. Business leaders are always looking forward for the success of the organization and therefore, they should create a kind of strategy that can undergo the midst of challenges (Meek, 2007). Historically, the training suggests that there are benefits that the training might deliver in the entire organization. One predictable result is the improvement in the level of performance of the people. Another is the minimization of the organizational cost and the capacity of the employees to answer the consumer needs (Shea, 2008). Many people have seen Training and Development as inseparable but according to the report ,Developing the Developers by Megginson Pedler (1991) its been shown that most managers viewed Training Development as different and wanted to keep them as two separate terms. This report made the following definition; Training: The relatively systematic attempt to transfer knowledge or skills from one who knows to one who does not know. Development: Working with individuals or organisation to enable them to cross a threshold which has qualitative significance to them and their life. The significance of employee training and development has long been recognized as a critical matter for businesses (Ford et al., 1997).There are many elements involve in perusing the training and development in an organization. In organizational view, the active employee involvement and training is considered as one of the strategic concerns of the organizational leaders. Organizations personalized different training and development processes and procedures that can achieve the best result in the businesss sustainability. People, as the key for the organization, are the main target of the training therefore the training among the business leader help them to provide the valid reason in creating the appropriate decision for the entire organization and have a great impact on their managerial skills and styles (Johnson, 2001; Farvaque, et al., 2009) Furthermore, the training and development for some business analysts were considered as a partnership or enhancing the employer-employee relationship (2009). Human capital is treated as a key to success for all industries. Human Resource Management practices play a pivotal role to gain profitability and market share that ultimately enhance the organizational performance in the long run (Qureshi, 2006). But in the current scenario, enterprises are facing problems in terms of shortage of brilliant workforce, dramatic rise in Retirements, poaching of the key people by competitors, and increasing turnover. As the business environment becomes increasingly competitive, organizations need to focus on improving all areas of their business especially human capital because the performance of the people employed has a major impact on profitability (Lloyds, 2010).It is now commonly accepted that employees construct an important cause of competitive advantage for the organisation. As a result, it is important that an organisation should adopt best TD practices to get best utilization of its employees. The above trend has point to enhanced interest in the impact of HRM on organizational performance, and a number of studies have established a positive affiliation (Gelade Iivery, 2003). Research studies have demonstrated that training has a positive influence on organizational performance. Zwick (2006) stated that increasing the training strength has an optimistic and significant effect on establishment of productivity.In the same way Bartel (1991) also demonstrated a direct and positive relationship between productivity and training program. The amount of training is an important antecedent for firms who wish to improve their productivity (Savery and Luks, 2004). But Cunha (2002) found no significance of training on organizational performance.Moreover, effective staff training and professional development can help to produce positive youth outcomes and increase retention of youth workers (Fancsali 2002, Huebner et al.2003, Astroth et al. 2004, Hartje et al. 2007).There are many models of training and development that have made greater progress into organizational settings, which have began to have a greater impact on instructional design. Specifically, Instructional Systems Design (ISD), Human Performance Technology (HPT), Performance-Based Instructional Design (PBID), and Total Quality Management (TQM), all of which originate from research in the area of organizational development. Role of Theory: Training and Development has been increasingly used in the literature as well as in the business world as a critical concept redefining the borders between business, society and the state. Extensive literature exists on the concept of TD. For the purpose of my research, I will use the theories developed about it. Methodology and Methods: Research Approach: I will get most of my research information through the books, Journals, Internet and newspaper articles. Webster and Watson (2002) states that the major contributions are likely to be in the leading journals. It can also come from some Official documents provided by the clients such as information about their system, IT infrastructure, training facilities and others. Information can also come from official policy manuals, plans and other stuff which is not confidential for the company. Research Context: My case study will be focus on MOBILINK GSM Pakistan, exploring its methodology of Training and Development to streamlining and improving the efficiency of its employee and the organisation. Given below is the brief introduction of MOBILINK and the Training and Development techniques used in the organization: MOBILINK Introduction: MOBILINK GSM (PMCL), a  subsidiary of Orascom Telecom, started its operations in Pakistan in 1994, and has become the market leader both in terms of growth and having the largest customer subscribers of over 30 millions and growing. MOBILINK is the first cellular service provider in Pakistan to operate on a 100% digital GSM technology. Currently there are about five thousand employees in Mobilink among them 500 employee are on temporary basis or outsourced. Training and Development in MOBILINK: MOBILINK mostly trains its employees by On Job Training which means that the employees are trained as they perform their jobs and along with their duties. The manager or supervisor guides them how to perform their jobs and guides them about the effectiveness in the work. Internees are trained in various departments and then mostly hired by Mobilink itself and their training is basically teaching them the ropes and the basics of everything. On a general basis the training done in Mobilink can be divided into two categories: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Soft skill training à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Technical Training Graham Burke, One of the the President PMCL Mobilink, said ; Mobilink will offer proper training plans to its employees in order to make them more reactive to their responsibilities Sampling Plan: Sampling involves taking a certain number of people to get them contributed in the research by taking their views about a matter or conduction of interviews about the topic under research. To add to emphasis to the studys purpose to analyse respondents opinion, interviews will be conducted from relevant persons in Mobilink. Data Acquisition Method: Primary data will be collected by adopting a qualitative approach by taking different focus groups, this will provide insight and inform the interview process (Threlfall, 1999; Gilbert,2008). To add to emphasis to the studys purpose to analyse respondents opinion, interviews will be conducted from relevant persons in Mobilink, for this purpose I will spent about 6-8 weeks in Pakistan(My home country) in order to get my required data. I will conduct structured interviews from some of the employees in Mobilink.Interviews will be recorded. Observation sheet will be filled by the researcher during the interview whereas some of the modifications will be made if necessary to explore a particular issue irrelevant to Training Development. Project Planning: Time Scales: The part of the research dealing with data collection from secondary sources will take approximately 4-6 weeks. Compiling and analysing of data collected from interviews and observations will take 6-8 weeks approximately. Final research will provide the study hypothesis in 6-12 weeks approximately. Critical Success Factor: Broad level of secondary data on the subject of Training and Development will significantly satisfy the objectives of the study. In broader sense, good knowledge of their systems, their facilities and their performance improvement plans and there success in the failure in the achievement of objectives will be a major success factor in the research. Cost Implications: It will work not too cost effective. The main reasons behind the cost saving is that I already had a plan to go to Pakistan during my holidays and Mobilinks one of the main office exists in Lahore, Pakistan which is my hometown. Most of the offices from where I am planning to collect data are located in the walking distance or close proximity. This will save me cost of fare, or overnight stay which I may have had to face if the locations were away. To get users input, recording equipment will be used to record their responses, although it will cost a one time expense of purchase of equipment, but it will save cost of stationary and printing and paper cost that would incur if responses are collected on printed questionnaire or survey forms. Ethical Issues: There can be ethical issues around the data collection and use of data for research given that organizations provide access to their information which be sometimes beneficial for their competitors to give them undue advantage. However I will manage secrecy of the information I will obtain during and after the completion of the research. All other ethical standards will be followed during the research to gain information from company or its employees. The challenges expected to be faced are lack of trust on person from outside the organization in providing information. I will use top-down approach to overcome this issue. I will take management in confidence and agree them to share information with me that will take away a number of resistances from lower staff. Although I will keep good terms and deal nicely with all staff regardless of their ranks, still having management on my back will open up several doors for me which otherwise would proof difficult to open.

Civil war Essay -- essays research papers

Causes & Results of the Civil War The Civil War, in U.S. history, was a conflict that pitted the Northern states of the American Union against the Southern states. The war raged for 4 years (1861-65) and was marked by some of the fiercest military campaigns of modern history. Large armies were involved in large movements, and entire populations were engaged in supporting the war efforts of both sides. The war had international impact, not only because of the growing international stature of the United States, but also because war threatened world access to the South's cotton. Britain and France had particular interest in the war's outcome, but other nations were also affected by it. The chief and immediate cause of the war was slavery. Southern states, including the 11 states that formed the Confederacy, depended on slavery to support their economy. Southerners used slave labor to produce crops, especially cotton. Although slavery was illegal in the Northern states, only a small proportion of Northerners actively opposed it. The main debate between the North and the South on the eve of the war was whether slavery should be permitted in the Western territories recently acquired during the Mexican War (1846-1848), including New Mexico, part of California, and Utah. Opponents of slavery were concerned about its expansion, in part because they did not want to compete against slave labor. By 1860, the North and the South had developed into two very different regions. Divergent social, economic, and political points of view, dating from colonial times, gradually drove the two sections farther and farther apart. Each tried to impose its point of view on the country as a whole. Although compromises had kept the Union together for many years, in 1860 the situation was explosive. The election of Abraham Lincoln as president was viewed by the South as a threat to slavery and ignited the war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second of the three S’s that caused the civil war was sectionalism. During the first half of the 19th century, economic differences between the regions increased. By 1860 cotton was the chief crop of the South, and it represented 57 percent of all U.S. exports. The profitability of cotton, known as King Cotton, completed the South’s dependence on the plantation system and its essential component, slavery. The North was by then firmly establi... ...al debates. As the 19th century closed, they faced a rigidly segregated life in the South and hostility across most of the North. Despite the destruction, the war did settle the question of secession. Since 1861 no state has seriously considered withdrawing from the Union. In addition, the war brought slavery to an end. After the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation, there was widespread acceptance of the fact that Union victory would mean general emancipation. Since the proclamation was a war measure that might be held unconstitutional after the war, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished slavery, was passed by both houses of Congress early in 1865. It was ratified by three-fourths of the states and was formally proclaimed in effect on December 18, 1865.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The war also set the South back at least a generation in industry and agriculture. The invading armies devastated factories and farms. The labor system fell into chaos. Not until the 20th century did the South recover fully from the economic effects of the war. In contrast, the North forged ahead with the building of a modern industrial state.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

DNA †Modified Food Essay

Some vegetarians do not prefer to consume genetically modified vegetables or food products because they contain other genes which they have no idea about. The consumers find these genes unsafe for their health. The people must have the knowledge that the addition of these genes into the plants is done only to give them a better food product, but it’s therefore important to label genetically modified foods because it enables the consumer to determine and know the right choice of food information that is needed. Genetic modification is the technology by which the genetic makeup of the living organism such as plants and animal’s bacteria is changed. Thus the resultant organism is called genetically modified, genetic engineered or transgenic. Source citation (http://www. ext. colostate. edu/pubs/foodnut/09371. html). First of all Consumers have a right to know what’s in their food, especially concerning products for which health and environmental concerns have been raised, this I think is one of the most important reason why individuals will prefer the labeling of genetically modified food, and also to know the condition of the environment of which the product was made from weather is a place with good sanitation or not. Mandatory labeling will allow consumers to identify and steer clear of food products that cause them problems because some people who with medical problems or allergic to some product will have to know before using them in order not to get themselves in trouble or contracting any form of diseases Surveys indicate that a majority of Americans support mandatory labeling. (However, such surveys often do not specify the effect on food prices.) Least 21 countries and the European Union have established some form of mandatory labeling source citation (Gruere and Rao, 2007; Phillips and McNeill, 2000) For religious or ethical reasons, many Americans want to avoid eating animal products, including animal DNA. For example some religious beliefs enact laws for people to avoid eating some certain products due to this labeling of genetically modified food will help consumers know the right choice of product to consume example are the jewish and the buddist.

Ikemefuna Described as an Ill-Fated Lad

In the book ‘Things Fall Apart’ Chinua Achebe describes Ikemefuna as an ‘ill fated lad’. Behind the meaning of this description lie different literary elements that pay a great significance to the book, in general. Before the author describes Ikemefuna in this manner, he writes about Okonkwo’s reputation and youth. He says, referring to Okonkwo, ‘He was a wealthy farmer and had two barns full of yams, and had just married his third wife’. By saying these words, the author wants to show Okonkwo as a man who earned his good reputation by hard work and not family wealth. He also writes ‘And so although Okonkwo was still young, he was already one of the greatest men of his time’ meaning that age was not the problem for him to succeed in life. ‘As the elders said, if a child washed his hands he could eat with kings’, by stating this proverb, the author means that being one of those boys who ‘washed their hands’, Okonkwo believed that he himself, could treat anyone in this manner if they ‘washed their hands’. He compares and contrasts Okonkwo’s youth against Ikemefuna’s who is later on described as an ‘ill fated lad’. Behind the description of Ikemefuna as an ‘ill fated lad’ lies foreshadowing which shows the readers that the fate of Ikemefuna is not fortunate, and there will be some event later on in the book that will prove the description right. As well as foreshadowing, the words ‘ill fated’ are a metaphor. ‘ill fated’ if translated correctly means a fate that is ill, therefore unfortunate. Even though the passage where Ikemefuna is described is short, there lies a lot of significance that affects the book as a whole. If the readers would not have read those lines saying ‘the ill-fated’ lad, they would most likely not predict anything unusual happening to him in the future. And because this line foreshadows the coming of Ikemefuna’s unfortunate fate, the readers pay more attention to the way Okonkwo treats Ikemefuna later on in the book. They see how Okonkwo treats him like his own son, and for the first time it is seen that Okonkwo becomes interested in something more than simply power and physical strength.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Perfectionism Case Study

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Perfectionism Case Study Free Online Research Papers In this paper, I will attempt to summarize the article written by Sarah J. Egan and Paula Hine of the Curtin University of Technology, Australia. This study focused on the value that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has in treating perfectionism in 4 adults diagnosed with an anxiety disorder or depression. According to the case study, perfectionism can obstruct the treatment of psychological disorders (Shafron Masell, 2001). CBT is used to examine and cure numerous psychological disorders, however, perfectionism has never been immensely explored and few studies of CBT have been of a controlled design nature. The conductors of this case study chose the A-B single case experimental design series to conduct this study. This particular study measures the degree of the behavior targeted for change through repetitive observations across two phases of study: A=baseline and B=treatment. The subjects are also observed before and after the manipulation of the independent variable (Comer, 2008). The independent variable in this study is the therapy. The four participants chosen for the study were selected from a Clinic waitlist. Seventeen of the 45 adults on the waitlist, who received dispersed information about the study, completed the Beck Depression Inventory, which evaluates depressive symptoms and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale which measures perfectionism with the implementation of subscales: Concern over mistakes (CM), Personal Standards (PS), Parental Expectations (PE), Parental Criticism (PC), Doubts about Actions (DA), and Organization (O). An assessment interview was conducted, devising CB maintaining mechanisms and administering the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to establish the DSM-IV diagnosis. From this diagnosis is how the subjects were chosen. The participants as follows: Participant A. A 60 year old married female diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder who was scared of saying anything incorrect and that catastrophic events were more likely to occur if she thought certain thoughts. Participant B. A 59 year old divorced female diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia and bipolar I in remission. Participant C. a 39 year old married male with diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and secondary diagnosis of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Participant D. A 62 year old divorced female diagnosed with major depressive episodes and panic disorder with agoraphobia. Treatment was conducted by a clinical psychologist trainee under the supervision of an experienced clinical psychologist. Treatments were arranged into 1 hour sessions, once per week for 8 weeks and a follow up session after 2 weeks. Sessions were videotaped and 2 were indiscriminately selected for adherence rating by an independent psychologist who determined if the study stayed focused on the topic at hand. Treatments were comprised of cognitive behavioral techniques such as dichotomous thinking (Shafran et al., 2002; Egan, Piek, Dyck, Rees, 2007), rigid, achievement-oriented goals (Burns, 1980, Shafran et al.), hyper vigilant and biased monitoring of performance (Shafran, et al.) and a plan for assessment of self worth (DiBartolo, Frost, Chang, LaSota, Grills, 2004; Shafran et al.). The clinical psychologists also implemented different strategies such as behavioral experiments to test negative cognitions and thought records to challenge selective attention and self criticism. Once all treatments and follow-ups were completed, only two out of four participants had significant clinical reduction scores for total perfectionism. There were no significant reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms. The area CBT for perfectionism needs further study to determine its effectiveness and benefit as treatment for perfectionism, depression and anxiety disorders. This article proved to be a great example of the use of the cognitive model of therapy. The clinical psychologists zoned in on the mind of the participants in an attempt to â€Å"reprogram† their thinking about themselves. One â€Å"flaw† I noticed was the selection of candidates for this study. I didn’t feel the variation was large enough. All participants were of the same age group. Perhaps a person from each of the decadal age groups after 20 years old would have offered better exposure. Another issue I found with the CBT treatment for perfectionism is that it doesn’t affect the depressive and anxiety disorders, thus requiring further treatments for patients. Treatments may have to be broken out in to CBT for Perfectionism and then another session for CBT for Anxiety and Depressive Disorders, possibly causing the patient to become â€Å"bored† and abandon the treatments. An all inclusive treatment will have to be established to avoid this. References Burns, D.D. (1980). Feeling good: The new mood therapy. New York: New American Library. Comer, R.J. (2008). Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology. DiBartolo, P.M., Frost, R.O., Chang, P., LaSota, M., Grills, A.E. (2004). Shedding light on the relationship between personal standards and psychopathology: The case for conditional self-worth. Journal of Rational–Emotive and Cognitive–Behavior Therapy, 22, 241–254. Egan, S.J., Piek, J.P., Dyck, M.J., Rees, C.S. (2007). The role of dichotomous thinking and rigidity in perfectionism. Behavior Research and Therapy, 45, 1813–1822. Shafran, R., Mansell, W. (2001). Perfectionism and psychopathology: A review of research and treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 879–906. Research Papers on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Perfectionism Case StudyResearch Process Part OneEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThree Concepts of PsychodynamicInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Riordan Manufacturing Production PlanIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalCapital PunishmentPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Psycho-social Oppression in George Orwell's 1984 Essay

Psycho-social Oppression in George Orwell's 1984 - Essay Example 1984 has perhaps more resonances with an epic vampire tale than with one of merely political and social oppression; it evokes a scenario where the last man standing - Winston, the humble protagonist of this novel - gets converted in the end, and darkness triumphs. With his 'fall' goes out the last little light and hope for a great part of mankind. Now there is simply no escaping the ominous fact that the omniscient "BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU." (Orwell 2). At the beginning of the tale, the protagonist, Winston Smith, is a man with some human spirit left in him. However, by the ending, his will and individual identity get totally crushed through unrelenting torture and brainwashing, and Winston becomes a regular zombie among other fellow zombies. Love is one of the most powerful emotions we human beings can experience. Love is delight, love is a basic expression of freedom, but it is a very fragile thing also. By annihilating all tendencies of love for Julia inside Winston, through subjecting him to intense pain and torture, O'Brien and the Thought Police get rid of all vestiges of humanity in him. Because humanity means rebellion, humanity means free will. To use the language of T.S. Eliot, Winston too is eventually rendered a hollow man, and stuffed man.

Coca-Cola Company vs. PepsiCo, Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Coca-Cola Company vs. PepsiCo, Inc - Essay Example The two companies have set some pension plans that have had many effects on the companies’ level of investment and risk while also, it affects their levels of sale and production of products. These plans are aimed at benefiting their retired employees while each company uses a quite different approach from the other. The two companies have developed strong public relations across many nations that assist them in linking customers to their company. The International Financial Report Standard (IFRS) has been a significant unit within the management of funds on the pension plan. It helps the companies realize whether the scheme of pension plan brings a loss or a profit for the company. The companies can therefore classify the pension plans as either assets or liabilities according to the IFRS report. It also enables the companies determine whether they have overfunded or underfunded the pension plan. In 2009, the coca-cola company held a third position among the companies that ha ve adopted a cash balance report meant to cater for the pension plan schemes (Diebold, 2010).   The coca-cola executive managers rejected the use of a constitutional approach in funding pension plans. As a result, there were minimized risks to the coca-cola company. Additionally, the company secured more benefits to the employees in comparison to year 2008. Following this actions, the company reported $31.9 billion in revenue operation, which was a higher value compared to $28.9 billion in the preceding year. On the other hand, because of the plan, mobility of the workforce went up while the career benefits accumulated from the plan increased compared to the preceding approach that dealt with pension plan. During the same year, 2009, Pepsi Co Company, through the assistance of the International Financial Report Standard (IFRS), developed a method of offering a final salary pension to the new employees. These were meant to benefit its workers and their family members upon their ret irement. This plan included medical fees among other benefits for the retired employee and is differently calculated. This method required a high quality pension scheme capable of securing the retirement of both the present and the newly employed workers. Up to date, the method is still applied in the company (Warfield et al. 2012). However, the method posed a higher risk to the Pepsi Company and brought in a decline of the total sales of Pepsi as compared to the year 2008. At Pepsi Company, Pension plans cover full time employees while their benefits are determined on the bases of either years of service for the worker, or a combination of service or the years of service. Retirees are eligible for life and medical insurance benefits upon meeting a specific age and service requirements. Their share of the pension costs is capped at certain dollar amounts on bases of years of service. The expected return on the pension plan assets is based on the company’s investment strategy on the pension plan as well as on their expectations for their long-term rates of return. In calculating their funding levels and capital gains in the pension plans, a market-related valuation method that realizes investment loses or gains for the securities included in their equity allocations. With complete reliance to the Financial Report Standard (IFRS), the company ensures that the amount of funds allocated for the pension plan does not exceed the expected gains. This is